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116 lines
6.0 KiB
116 lines
6.0 KiB
# KMS Guide [](https://slack.min.io)
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MinIO uses a key-management-system (KMS) to support SSE-S3. If a client requests SSE-S3, or auto-encryption
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is enabled, the MinIO server encrypts each object with an unique object key which is protected by a master key
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managed by the KMS.
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## Quick Start
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MinIO supports multiple KMS implementations via our [KES](https://github.com/minio/kes#kes) project. We run
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a KES instance at `https://play.min.io:7373` for you to experiment and quickly get started. To run MinIO with
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a KMS just fetch the root identity, set the following environment variables and then start your MinIO server.
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If you havn't installed MinIO, yet, then follow the MinIO [install instructions](https://docs.min.io/docs/minio-quickstart-guide)
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first.
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#### 1. Fetch the root identity
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As the initial step, fetch the private key and certificate of the root identity:
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```sh
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curl -sSL --tlsv1.2 \
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-O 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/minio/kes/master/root.key' \
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-O 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/minio/kes/master/root.cert'
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```
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#### 2. Set the MinIO-KES configuration
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```sh
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export MINIO_KMS_KES_ENDPOINT=https://play.min.io:7373
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export MINIO_KMS_KES_KEY_FILE=root.key
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export MINIO_KMS_KES_CERT_FILE=root.cert
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export MINIO_KMS_KES_KEY_NAME=my-minio-key
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```
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#### 3. Start the MinIO Server
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```sh
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export MINIO_ACCESS_KEY=minio
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export MINIO_SECRET_KEY=minio123
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minio server ~/export
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```
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> The KES instance at `https://play.min.io:7373` is meant to experiment and provides a way to get started quickly.
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> Note that anyone can access or delete master keys at `https://play.min.io:7373`. You should run your own KES
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> instance in production.
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## Configuration Guides
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A typical MinIO deployment that uses a KMS for SSE-S3 looks like this:
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```
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┌────────────┐
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│ ┌──────────┴─┬─────╮ ┌────────────┐
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└─┤ ┌──────────┴─┬───┴──────────┤ ┌──────────┴─┬─────────────────╮
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└─┤ ┌──────────┴─┬─────┬──────┴─┤ KES Server ├─────────────────┤
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└─┤ MinIO ├─────╯ └────────────┘ ┌────┴────┐
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└────────────┘ │ KMS │
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└─────────┘
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```
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In a given setup, there are `n` MinIO instances talking to `m` KES servers but only `1` central KMS. The most simple
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setup consists of `1` MinIO server or cluster talking to `1` KMS via `1` KES server.
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The main difference between various MinIO-KMS deployments is the KMS implementation. The following table
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helps you select the right option for your use case:
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| KMS | Purpose |
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|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| [Hashicorp Vault](https://github.com/minio/kes/wiki/Hashicorp-Vault-Keystore) | Local KMS. MinIO and KMS on-prem (**Recommended**) |
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| [AWS-KMS + SecretsManager](https://github.com/minio/kes/wiki/AWS-SecretsManager) | Cloud KMS. MinIO in combination with a managed KMS installation |
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| [FS](https://github.com/minio/kes/wiki/Filesystem-Keystore) | Local testing or development (**Not recommended for production**) |
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The MinIO-KES configuration is always the same - regardless of the underlying KMS implementation.
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Checkout the MinIO-KES [configuration example](https://github.com/minio/kes/wiki/MinIO-Object-Storage).
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### Further references
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- [Run MinIO with TLS / HTTPS](https://docs.min.io/docs/how-to-secure-access-to-minio-server-with-tls.html)
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- [Tweak the KES server configuration](https://github.com/minio/kes/wiki/Configuration)
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- [Run a load balancer infront of KES](https://github.com/minio/kes/wiki/TLS-Proxy)
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- [Understand the KES server concepts](https://github.com/minio/kes/wiki/Concepts)
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## Auto Encryption
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Optionally, you can instruct the MinIO server to automatically encrypt all objects with keys from the KES
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server - even if the client does not specify any encryption headers during the S3 PUT operation.
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Auto-Encryption is especially useful when the MinIO operator wants to ensure that all data stored on MinIO
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gets encrypted before it's written to the storage backend.
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To enable auto-encryption set the environment variable to `on`:
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```
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export MINIO_KMS_AUTO_ENCRYPTION=on
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```
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> Note that auto-encryption only affects requests without S3 encryption headers. So, if a S3 client sends
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> e.g. SSE-C headers, MinIO will encrypt the object with the key sent by the client and won't reach out to
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> the KMS.
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To verify auto-encryption, use the `mc` command:
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```
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mc cp test.file myminio/bucket/
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test.file: 5 B / 5 B ▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ 100.00% 337 B/s 0s
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mc stat myminio/bucket/test.file
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Name : test.file
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...
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Encrypted :
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X-Amz-Server-Side-Encryption: AES256
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```
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## Explore Further
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- [Use `mc` with MinIO Server](https://docs.min.io/docs/minio-client-quickstart-guide)
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- [Use `aws-cli` with MinIO Server](https://docs.min.io/docs/aws-cli-with-minio)
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- [Use `s3cmd` with MinIO Server](https://docs.min.io/docs/s3cmd-with-minio)
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- [Use `minio-go` SDK with MinIO Server](https://docs.min.io/docs/golang-client-quickstart-guide)
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- [The MinIO documentation website](https://docs.min.io)
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