Cache only the range requested for range GETs (#8599)

cmd/disk-cache-backend.go

@@ -21,14 +21,12 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"encoding/hex"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"log"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
-	"path"
 	"reflect"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -68,6 +66,20 @@ type cacheMeta struct {
 	Checksum CacheChecksumInfoV1 `json:"checksum,omitempty"`
 	// Metadata map for current object.
 	Meta map[string]string `json:"meta,omitempty"`
+	// Ranges maps cached range to associated filename.
+	Ranges map[string]string `json:"ranges,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// RangeInfo has the range, file and range length information for a cached range.
+type RangeInfo struct {
+	Range string
+	File  string
+	Size  int64
+}
+
+// Empty returns true if this is an empty struct
+func (r *RangeInfo) Empty() bool {
+	return r.Range == "" && r.File == "" && r.Size == 0
 }
 
 func (m *cacheMeta) ToObjectInfo(bucket, object string) (o ObjectInfo) {
@@ -190,6 +202,22 @@ func (c *diskCache) diskAvailable(size int64) bool {
 
 // Purge cache entries that were not accessed.
 func (c *diskCache) purge() {
+	// this function returns FileInfo for cached range files and cache data file.
+	fiStatFn := func(ranges map[string]string, dataFile, pathPrefix string) map[string]os.FileInfo {
+		fm := make(map[string]os.FileInfo)
+		fname := pathJoin(pathPrefix, cacheDataFile)
+		if fi, err := os.Stat(fname); err == nil {
+			fm[fname] = fi
+		}
+
+		for _, rngFile := range ranges {
+			fname = pathJoin(pathPrefix, rngFile)
+			if fi, err := os.Stat(fname); err == nil {
+				fm[fname] = fi
+			}
+		}
+		return fm
+	}
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	for {
 		olderThan := c.expiry
@@ -211,30 +239,28 @@ func (c *diskCache) purge() {
 				if obj.Name() == minioMetaBucket {
 					continue
 				}
-				// stat entry to get atime
+				meta, _, err := c.statCachedMeta(pathJoin(c.dir, obj.Name()))
-				var fi os.FileInfo
-				fi, err := os.Stat(pathJoin(c.dir, obj.Name(), cacheDataFile))
-				if err != nil {
-					continue
-				}
-
-				objInfo, err := c.statCache(pathJoin(c.dir, obj.Name()))
 				if err != nil {
 					// delete any partially filled cache entry left behind.
 					removeAll(pathJoin(c.dir, obj.Name()))
 					continue
 				}
+				// stat all cached file ranges and cacheDataFile.
+				fis := fiStatFn(meta.Ranges, cacheDataFile, pathJoin(c.dir, obj.Name()))
+				objInfo := meta.ToObjectInfo("", "")
 				cc := cacheControlOpts(objInfo)
 
-				if atime.Get(fi).Before(expiry) ||
+				for fname, fi := range fis {
-					cc.isStale(objInfo.ModTime) {
+					if atime.Get(fi).Before(expiry) ||
-					if err = removeAll(pathJoin(c.dir, obj.Name())); err != nil {
+						cc.isStale(objInfo.ModTime) {
-						logger.LogIf(ctx, err)
+						if err = removeAll(fname); err != nil {
-					}
+							logger.LogIf(ctx, err)
-					deletedCount++
+						}
-					// break early if sufficient disk space reclaimed.
+						deletedCount++
-					if !c.diskUsageLow() {
+						// break early if sufficient disk space reclaimed.
-						break
+						if !c.diskUsageLow() {
+							break
+						}
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -283,49 +309,118 @@ func (c *diskCache) Stat(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string) (oi ObjectI
 	return
 }
 
-// statCache is a convenience function for purge() to get ObjectInfo for cached object
+// statCachedMeta returns metadata from cache - including ranges cached, partial to indicate
-func (c *diskCache) statCache(cacheObjPath string) (oi ObjectInfo, e error) {
+// if partial object is cached.
+func (c *diskCache) statCachedMeta(cacheObjPath string) (meta *cacheMeta, partial bool, err error) {
 	// Stat the file to get file size.
-	metaPath := path.Join(cacheObjPath, cacheMetaJSONFile)
+	metaPath := pathJoin(cacheObjPath, cacheMetaJSONFile)
 	f, err := os.Open(metaPath)
 	if err != nil {
-		return oi, err
+		return meta, partial, err
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
-
+	meta = &cacheMeta{Version: cacheMetaVersion}
-	meta := &cacheMeta{Version: cacheMetaVersion}
 	if err := jsonLoad(f, meta); err != nil {
-		return oi, err
+		return meta, partial, err
 	}
+	// get metadata of part.1 if full file has been cached.
+	partial = true
 	fi, err := os.Stat(pathJoin(cacheObjPath, cacheDataFile))
+	if err == nil {
+		meta.Stat.ModTime = atime.Get(fi)
+		partial = false
+	}
+	return meta, partial, nil
+}
+
+// statRange returns ObjectInfo and RangeInfo from disk cache
+func (c *diskCache) statRange(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, rs *HTTPRangeSpec) (oi ObjectInfo, rngInfo RangeInfo, err error) {
+	// Stat the file to get file size.
+	cacheObjPath := getCacheSHADir(c.dir, bucket, object)
+
+	if rs == nil {
+		oi, err = c.statCache(cacheObjPath)
+		return oi, rngInfo, err
+	}
+	meta, _, err := c.statCachedMeta(cacheObjPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return oi, rngInfo, err
+	}
+
+	actualSize := uint64(meta.Stat.Size)
+	_, length, err := rs.GetOffsetLength(int64(actualSize))
+	if err != nil {
+		return oi, rngInfo, err
+	}
+
+	actualRngSize := uint64(length)
+	if globalCacheKMS != nil {
+		actualRngSize, _ = sio.EncryptedSize(uint64(length))
+	}
+
+	rng := rs.String(int64(actualSize))
+	rngFile, ok := meta.Ranges[rng]
+	if !ok {
+		return oi, rngInfo, ObjectNotFound{Bucket: bucket, Object: object}
+	}
+	rngInfo = RangeInfo{Range: rng, File: rngFile, Size: int64(actualRngSize)}
+
+	oi = meta.ToObjectInfo("", "")
+	oi.Bucket = bucket
+	oi.Name = object
+
+	if err = decryptCacheObjectETag(&oi); err != nil {
+		return oi, rngInfo, err
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// statCache is a convenience function for purge() to get ObjectInfo for cached object
+func (c *diskCache) statCache(cacheObjPath string) (oi ObjectInfo, e error) {
+	// Stat the file to get file size.
+	meta, partial, err := c.statCachedMeta(cacheObjPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return oi, err
 	}
-	meta.Stat.ModTime = atime.Get(fi)
+	if partial {
+		return oi, errFileNotFound
+	}
 	return meta.ToObjectInfo("", ""), nil
 }
 
 // saves object metadata to disk cache
-func (c *diskCache) saveMetadata(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, meta map[string]string, actualSize int64) error {
+func (c *diskCache) saveMetadata(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, meta map[string]string, actualSize int64, rs *HTTPRangeSpec, rsFileName string) error {
 	fileName := getCacheSHADir(c.dir, bucket, object)
 	metaPath := pathJoin(fileName, cacheMetaJSONFile)
 
-	f, err := os.Create(metaPath)
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(metaPath, os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE, 0666)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
 
-	m := cacheMeta{Meta: meta, Version: cacheMetaVersion}
+	m := &cacheMeta{Version: cacheMetaVersion}
+	if err := jsonLoad(f, m); err != nil && err != io.EOF {
+		return err
+	}
+	if rs != nil {
+		if m.Ranges == nil {
+			m.Ranges = make(map[string]string)
+		}
+		m.Ranges[rs.String(actualSize)] = rsFileName
+	} else {
+		// this is necessary cleanup of range files if entire object is cached.
+		for _, f := range m.Ranges {
+			removeAll(pathJoin(fileName, f))
+		}
+		m.Ranges = nil
+	}
 	m.Stat.Size = actualSize
 	m.Stat.ModTime = UTCNow()
+	m.Meta = meta
 	m.Checksum = CacheChecksumInfoV1{Algorithm: HighwayHash256S.String(), Blocksize: cacheBlkSize}
-	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(m)
+
-	if err != nil {
+	return jsonSave(f, m)
-		return err
-	}
-	_, err = f.Write(jsonData)
-	return err
 }
 
 // Backend metadata could have changed through server side copy - reset cache metadata if that is the case
@@ -351,21 +446,21 @@ func (c *diskCache) updateMetadataIfChanged(ctx context.Context, bucket, object
 		bkObjectInfo.ETag != cacheObjInfo.ETag ||
 		bkObjectInfo.ContentType != cacheObjInfo.ContentType ||
 		bkObjectInfo.Expires != cacheObjInfo.Expires {
-		return c.saveMetadata(ctx, bucket, object, getMetadata(bkObjectInfo), bkObjectInfo.Size)
+		return c.saveMetadata(ctx, bucket, object, getMetadata(bkObjectInfo), bkObjectInfo.Size, nil, "")
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 func getCacheSHADir(dir, bucket, object string) string {
-	return path.Join(dir, getSHA256Hash([]byte(path.Join(bucket, object))))
+	return pathJoin(dir, getSHA256Hash([]byte(pathJoin(bucket, object))))
 }
 
 // Cache data to disk with bitrot checksum added for each block of 1MB
-func (c *diskCache) bitrotWriteToCache(cachePath string, reader io.Reader, size uint64) (int64, error) {
+func (c *diskCache) bitrotWriteToCache(cachePath, fileName string, reader io.Reader, size uint64) (int64, error) {
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(cachePath, 0777); err != nil {
 		return 0, err
 	}
-	filePath := path.Join(cachePath, cacheDataFile)
+	filePath := pathJoin(cachePath, fileName)
 
 	if filePath == "" || reader == nil {
 		return 0, errInvalidArgument
@@ -434,7 +529,7 @@ func newCacheEncryptMetadata(bucket, object string, metadata map[string]string)
 	if globalCacheKMS == nil {
 		return nil, errKMSNotConfigured
 	}
-	key, encKey, err := globalCacheKMS.GenerateKey(globalCacheKMS.KeyID(), crypto.Context{bucket: path.Join(bucket, object)})
+	key, encKey, err := globalCacheKMS.GenerateKey(globalCacheKMS.KeyID(), crypto.Context{bucket: pathJoin(bucket, object)})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -451,7 +546,7 @@ func newCacheEncryptMetadata(bucket, object string, metadata map[string]string)
 }
 
 // Caches the object to disk
-func (c *diskCache) Put(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, data io.Reader, size int64, opts ObjectOptions) error {
+func (c *diskCache) Put(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, data io.Reader, size int64, rs *HTTPRangeSpec, opts ObjectOptions) error {
 	if c.diskUsageHigh() {
 		select {
 		case c.purgeChan <- struct{}{}:
@@ -459,6 +554,9 @@ func (c *diskCache) Put(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, data io.Read
 		}
 		return errDiskFull
 	}
+	if rs != nil {
+		return c.putRange(ctx, bucket, object, data, size, rs, opts)
+	}
 	if !c.diskAvailable(size) {
 		return errDiskFull
 	}
@@ -480,7 +578,7 @@ func (c *diskCache) Put(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, data io.Read
 		}
 		actualSize, _ = sio.EncryptedSize(uint64(size))
 	}
-	n, err := c.bitrotWriteToCache(cachePath, reader, actualSize)
+	n, err := c.bitrotWriteToCache(cachePath, cacheDataFile, reader, actualSize)
 	if IsErr(err, baseErrs...) {
 		c.setOnline(false)
 	}
@@ -492,7 +590,53 @@ func (c *diskCache) Put(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, data io.Read
 		removeAll(cachePath)
 		return IncompleteBody{}
 	}
-	return c.saveMetadata(ctx, bucket, object, metadata, n)
+	return c.saveMetadata(ctx, bucket, object, metadata, n, nil, "")
+}
+
+// Caches the range to disk
+func (c *diskCache) putRange(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, data io.Reader, size int64, rs *HTTPRangeSpec, opts ObjectOptions) error {
+	rlen, err := rs.GetLength(size)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !c.diskAvailable(rlen) {
+		return errDiskFull
+	}
+	cachePath := getCacheSHADir(c.dir, bucket, object)
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(cachePath, 0777); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	var metadata = make(map[string]string)
+	for k, v := range opts.UserDefined {
+		metadata[k] = v
+	}
+	var reader = data
+	var actualSize = uint64(rlen)
+	// objSize is the actual size of object (with encryption overhead if any)
+	var objSize = uint64(size)
+	if globalCacheKMS != nil {
+		reader, err = newCacheEncryptReader(data, bucket, object, metadata)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		actualSize, _ = sio.EncryptedSize(uint64(rlen))
+		objSize, _ = sio.EncryptedSize(uint64(size))
+
+	}
+	cacheFile := MustGetUUID()
+	n, err := c.bitrotWriteToCache(cachePath, cacheFile, reader, actualSize)
+	if IsErr(err, baseErrs...) {
+		c.setOnline(false)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		removeAll(cachePath)
+		return err
+	}
+	if actualSize != uint64(n) {
+		removeAll(cachePath)
+		return IncompleteBody{}
+	}
+	return c.saveMetadata(ctx, bucket, object, metadata, int64(objSize), rs, cacheFile)
 }
 
 // checks streaming bitrot checksum of cached object before returning data
@@ -595,11 +739,20 @@ func (c *diskCache) bitrotReadFromCache(ctx context.Context, filePath string, of
 func (c *diskCache) Get(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, rs *HTTPRangeSpec, h http.Header, opts ObjectOptions) (gr *GetObjectReader, err error) {
 	var objInfo ObjectInfo
 	cacheObjPath := getCacheSHADir(c.dir, bucket, object)
+	var rngInfo RangeInfo
 
-	if objInfo, err = c.Stat(ctx, bucket, object); err != nil {
+	if objInfo, rngInfo, err = c.statRange(ctx, bucket, object, rs); err != nil {
 		return nil, toObjectErr(err, bucket, object)
 	}
-
+	cacheFile := cacheDataFile
+	objSize := objInfo.Size
+	if !rngInfo.Empty() {
+		// for cached ranges, need to pass actual range file size to GetObjectReader
+		// and clear out range spec
+		cacheFile = rngInfo.File
+		objInfo.Size = rngInfo.Size
+		rs = nil
+	}
 	var nsUnlocker = func() {}
 	// For a directory, we need to send an reader that returns no bytes.
 	if HasSuffix(object, SlashSeparator) {
@@ -612,8 +765,7 @@ func (c *diskCache) Get(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, rs *HTTPRang
 	if nErr != nil {
 		return nil, nErr
 	}
-
+	filePath := pathJoin(cacheObjPath, cacheFile)
-	filePath := path.Join(cacheObjPath, cacheDataFile)
 	pr, pw := io.Pipe()
 	go func() {
 		err := c.bitrotReadFromCache(ctx, filePath, off, length, pw)
@@ -625,7 +777,20 @@ func (c *diskCache) Get(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, rs *HTTPRang
 	// Cleanup function to cause the go routine above to exit, in
 	// case of incomplete read.
 	pipeCloser := func() { pr.Close() }
-	return fn(pr, h, opts.CheckCopyPrecondFn, pipeCloser)
+
+	gr, gerr := fn(pr, h, opts.CheckCopyPrecondFn, pipeCloser)
+	if gerr != nil {
+		return gr, gerr
+	}
+	if globalCacheKMS != nil {
+		// clean up internal SSE cache metadata
+		delete(gr.ObjInfo.UserDefined, crypto.SSEHeader)
+	}
+	if !rngInfo.Empty() {
+		// overlay Size with actual object size and not the range size
+		gr.ObjInfo.Size = objSize
+	}
+	return gr, nil
 
 }
 

cmd/disk-cache.go

@@ -96,13 +96,13 @@ func (c *cacheObjects) delete(ctx context.Context, dcache *diskCache, bucket, ob
 	return dcache.Delete(ctx, bucket, object)
 }
 
-func (c *cacheObjects) put(ctx context.Context, dcache *diskCache, bucket, object string, data io.Reader, size int64, opts ObjectOptions) error {
+func (c *cacheObjects) put(ctx context.Context, dcache *diskCache, bucket, object string, data io.Reader, size int64, rs *HTTPRangeSpec, opts ObjectOptions) error {
 	cLock := c.NewNSLockFn(ctx, bucket, object)
 	if err := cLock.GetLock(globalObjectTimeout); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer cLock.Unlock()
-	return dcache.Put(ctx, bucket, object, data, size, opts)
+	return dcache.Put(ctx, bucket, object, data, size, rs, opts)
 }
 
 func (c *cacheObjects) get(ctx context.Context, dcache *diskCache, bucket, object string, rs *HTTPRangeSpec, h http.Header, opts ObjectOptions) (gr *GetObjectReader, err error) {
@@ -125,6 +125,17 @@ func (c *cacheObjects) stat(ctx context.Context, dcache *diskCache, bucket, obje
 	return dcache.Stat(ctx, bucket, object)
 }
 
+func (c *cacheObjects) statRange(ctx context.Context, dcache *diskCache, bucket, object string, rs *HTTPRangeSpec) (oi ObjectInfo, err error) {
+	cLock := c.NewNSLockFn(ctx, bucket, object)
+	if err := cLock.GetRLock(globalObjectTimeout); err != nil {
+		return oi, err
+	}
+
+	defer cLock.RUnlock()
+	oi, _, err = dcache.statRange(ctx, bucket, object, rs)
+	return oi, err
+}
+
 // DeleteObject clears cache entry if backend delete operation succeeds
 func (c *cacheObjects) DeleteObject(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string) (err error) {
 	if err = c.DeleteObjectFn(ctx, bucket, object); err != nil {
@@ -200,7 +211,14 @@ func (c *cacheObjects) GetObjectNInfo(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string
 		if (!cc.isEmpty() && !cc.isStale(cacheReader.ObjInfo.ModTime)) ||
 			cc.onlyIfCached {
 			// This is a cache hit, mark it so
-			c.incCacheStats(cacheObjSize)
+			bytesServed := cacheReader.ObjInfo.Size
+			if rs != nil {
+				if _, len, err := rs.GetOffsetLength(bytesServed); err == nil {
+					bytesServed = len
+				}
+			}
+			c.cacheStats.incHit()
+			c.cacheStats.incBytesServed(bytesServed)
 			return cacheReader, nil
 		}
 		if cc.noStore {
@@ -261,20 +279,19 @@ func (c *cacheObjects) GetObjectNInfo(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string
 	if rs != nil {
 		go func() {
 			// fill cache in the background for range GET requests
-			bReader, bErr := c.GetObjectNInfoFn(ctx, bucket, object, nil, h, lockType, opts)
+			bReader, bErr := c.GetObjectNInfoFn(ctx, bucket, object, rs, h, lockType, opts)
 			if bErr != nil {
 				return
 			}
 			defer bReader.Close()
-			oi, err := c.stat(ctx, dcache, bucket, object)
+			oi, err := c.statRange(ctx, dcache, bucket, object, rs)
 			// avoid cache overwrite if another background routine filled cache
 			if err != nil || oi.ETag != bReader.ObjInfo.ETag {
-				c.put(ctx, dcache, bucket, object, bReader, bReader.ObjInfo.Size, ObjectOptions{UserDefined: getMetadata(bReader.ObjInfo)})
+				c.put(ctx, dcache, bucket, object, bReader, bReader.ObjInfo.Size, rs, ObjectOptions{UserDefined: getMetadata(bReader.ObjInfo)})
 			}
 		}()
 		return c.GetObjectNInfoFn(ctx, bucket, object, rs, h, lockType, opts)
 	}
-
 	bkReader, bkErr := c.GetObjectNInfoFn(ctx, bucket, object, rs, h, lockType, opts)
 	if bkErr != nil {
 		return nil, bkErr
@@ -283,7 +300,7 @@ func (c *cacheObjects) GetObjectNInfo(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string
 	pipeReader, pipeWriter := io.Pipe()
 	teeReader := io.TeeReader(bkReader, pipeWriter)
 	go func() {
-		putErr := c.put(ctx, dcache, bucket, object, io.LimitReader(pipeReader, bkReader.ObjInfo.Size), bkReader.ObjInfo.Size, ObjectOptions{UserDefined: getMetadata(bkReader.ObjInfo)})
+		putErr := c.put(ctx, dcache, bucket, object, io.LimitReader(pipeReader, bkReader.ObjInfo.Size), bkReader.ObjInfo.Size, nil, ObjectOptions{UserDefined: getMetadata(bkReader.ObjInfo)})
 		// close the write end of the pipe, so the error gets
 		// propagated to getObjReader
 		pipeWriter.CloseWithError(putErr)
@@ -597,7 +614,7 @@ func (c *cacheObjects) PutObject(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, r *
 			oi, err := c.stat(ctx, dcache, bucket, object)
 			// avoid cache overwrite if another background routine filled cache
 			if err != nil || oi.ETag != bReader.ObjInfo.ETag {
-				c.put(ctx, dcache, bucket, object, bReader, bReader.ObjInfo.Size, ObjectOptions{UserDefined: getMetadata(bReader.ObjInfo)})
+				c.put(ctx, dcache, bucket, object, bReader, bReader.ObjInfo.Size, nil, ObjectOptions{UserDefined: getMetadata(bReader.ObjInfo)})
 			}
 		}()
 	}

cmd/disk-cache_test.go

@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ func TestDiskCache(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	err = cache.Put(ctx, bucketName, objectName, hashReader, hashReader.Size(), ObjectOptions{UserDefined: httpMeta})
+	err = cache.Put(ctx, bucketName, objectName, hashReader, hashReader.Size(), nil, ObjectOptions{UserDefined: httpMeta})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -290,12 +290,12 @@ func TestDiskCacheMaxUse(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	if !cache.diskAvailable(int64(size)) {
-		err = cache.Put(ctx, bucketName, objectName, hashReader, hashReader.Size(), ObjectOptions{UserDefined: httpMeta})
+		err = cache.Put(ctx, bucketName, objectName, hashReader, hashReader.Size(), nil, ObjectOptions{UserDefined: httpMeta})
 		if err != errDiskFull {
 			t.Fatal("Cache max-use limit violated.")
 		}
 	} else {
-		err = cache.Put(ctx, bucketName, objectName, hashReader, hashReader.Size(), ObjectOptions{UserDefined: httpMeta})
+		err = cache.Put(ctx, bucketName, objectName, hashReader, hashReader.Size(), nil, ObjectOptions{UserDefined: httpMeta})
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}

cmd/format-disk-cache.go

@@ -383,8 +383,7 @@ func migrateCacheData(ctx context.Context, c *diskCache, bucket, object, oldfile
 		}
 		actualSize, _ = sio.EncryptedSize(uint64(st.Size()))
 	}
-
+	_, err = c.bitrotWriteToCache(destDir, cacheDataFile, reader, uint64(actualSize))
-	_, err = c.bitrotWriteToCache(destDir, reader, uint64(actualSize))
 	return err
 }
 

cmd/httprange.go

@@ -161,3 +161,15 @@ func parseRequestRangeSpec(rangeString string) (hrange *HTTPRangeSpec, err error
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("'%s' does not have valid range value", rangeString)
 	}
 }
+
+// String returns stringified representation of range for a particular resource size.
+func (h *HTTPRangeSpec) String(resourceSize int64) string {
+	if h == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	off, length, err := h.GetOffsetLength(resourceSize)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%d-%d", off, off+length-1)
+}