This commit adds the basic elements to support Poray brand routers. It contains a tool to do the encryption/obfuscation that is used in Poray routers. Support for Poray devices was worked on by: Felix Kaechele <heffer@fedoraproject.org> Luis Soltero <lsoltero@globalmarinenet.com> Michel Stempin <michel.stempin@wanadoo.fr> Signed-off-by: Felix Kaechele <heffer@fedoraproject.org> SVN-Revision: 37635master
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#
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# Copyright (C) 2013 OpenWrt.org
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#
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# This is free software, licensed under the GNU General Public License v2.
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# See /LICENSE for more information.
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#
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/*
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* Builder/viewer/extractor utility for Poray firmware image files |
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* |
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* Copyright (C) 2013 Michel Stempin <michel.stempin@wanadoo.fr> |
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* Copyright (C) 2013 Felix Kaechele <felix@fetzig.org> |
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* Copyright (C) 2013 <admin@openschemes.com> |
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* |
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* This tool is based on: |
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* TP-Link firmware upgrade tool. |
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* Copyright (C) 2009 Gabor Juhos <juhosg@openwrt.org> |
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* |
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* Itself based on: |
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* TP-Link WR941 V2 firmware checksum fixing tool. |
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* Copyright (C) 2008,2009 Wang Jian <lark@linux.net.cn> |
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* |
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* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it |
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* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published |
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* by the Free Software Foundation. |
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* |
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*/ |
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#include <stdio.h> |
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#include <stdlib.h> |
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#include <stdint.h> |
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#include <string.h> |
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#include <unistd.h> |
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#include <libgen.h> |
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#include <getopt.h> |
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#include <stdarg.h> |
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#include <errno.h> |
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#include <sys/stat.h> |
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#include <arpa/inet.h> |
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#include <netinet/in.h> |
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#if (__BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN) |
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# define HOST_TO_BE32(x) (x) |
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# define BE32_TO_HOST(x) (x) |
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# define HOST_TO_LE32(x) bswap_32(x) |
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# define LE32_TO_HOST(x) bswap_32(x) |
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#else |
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# define HOST_TO_BE32(x) bswap_32(x) |
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# define BE32_TO_HOST(x) bswap_32(x) |
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# define HOST_TO_LE32(x) (x) |
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# define LE32_TO_HOST(x) (x) |
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#endif |
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/* Fixed header flags */ |
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#define HEADER_FLAGS 0x020e0000 |
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/* Recognized Hardware ID magic */ |
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#define HWID_HAME_MPR_A1_L8 0x32473352 |
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#define HWID_PORAY_R50B 0x31353033 |
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#define HWID_PORAY_R50D 0x33353033 |
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#define HWID_PORAY_R50E 0x34353033 |
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#define HWID_PORAY_M3 0x31353335 |
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#define HWID_PORAY_M4 0x32353335 |
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#define HWID_PORAY_Q3 0x33353335 |
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#define HWID_PORAY_X5_X6 0x35353335 |
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#define HWID_PORAY_X8 0x36353335 |
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#define HWID_PORAY_X1 0x38353335 |
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/* Recognized XOR obfuscation keys */ |
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#define KEY_HAME 0 |
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#define KEY_PORAY_1 1 |
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#define KEY_PORAY_2 2 |
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#define KEY_PORAY_3 3 |
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#define KEY_PORAY_4 4 |
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/* XOR key length */ |
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#define KEY_LEN 15 |
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struct file_info { |
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char *file_name; /* Name of the file */ |
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uint32_t file_size; /* Length of the file */ |
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}; |
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struct fw_header { |
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uint32_t hw_id; /* Hardware id */ |
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uint32_t firmware_len; /* Firmware data length */ |
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uint32_t flags; /* Header flags */ |
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uint8_t pad[16]; |
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} __attribute__ ((packed)); |
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struct flash_layout { |
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char *id; |
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uint32_t fw_max_len; |
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}; |
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struct board_info { |
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char *id; |
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uint32_t hw_id; |
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char *layout_id; |
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uint32_t key; |
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}; |
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/*
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* Globals |
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*/ |
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static char *ofname; |
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static char *progname; |
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static char *board_id; |
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static struct board_info *board; |
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static char *layout_id; |
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static struct flash_layout *layout; |
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static char *opt_hw_id; |
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static uint32_t hw_id; |
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static struct file_info firmware_info; |
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static uint32_t firmware_len = 0; |
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static int inspect = 0; |
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static int extract = 0; |
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static uint8_t key[][KEY_LEN] = { |
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{0xC8, 0x3C, 0x3A, 0x93, 0xA2, 0x95, 0xC3, 0x63, 0x48, 0x45, 0x58, 0x09, 0x12, 0x03, 0x08}, |
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{0x89, 0x6B, 0x5A, 0x93, 0x92, 0x95, 0xC3, 0x63, 0xD0, 0xA3, 0x9C, 0x92, 0x2E, 0xE6, 0xC7}, |
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{0xC9, 0x1C, 0x3A, 0x93, 0x92, 0x95, 0xC3, 0x63, 0xD0, 0xA3, 0x9C, 0x92, 0x2E, 0xE6, 0xC7}, |
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{0x19, 0x1B, 0x3A, 0x93, 0x92, 0x95, 0xC3, 0x63, 0xD0, 0xA3, 0x9C, 0x92, 0x2E, 0xE6, 0xC7}, |
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{0x79, 0x7B, 0x7A, 0x93, 0x92, 0x95, 0xC3, 0x63, 0xD0, 0xA3, 0x9C, 0x92, 0x2E, 0xE6, 0xC7}, |
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}; |
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static struct flash_layout layouts[] = { |
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{ |
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.id = "4M", |
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.fw_max_len = 0x3c0000, |
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}, { |
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.id = "8M", |
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.fw_max_len = 0x7c0000, |
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}, { |
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/* terminating entry */ |
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} |
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}; |
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static struct board_info boards[] = { |
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{ |
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.id = "MPR-A1", |
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.hw_id = HWID_HAME_MPR_A1_L8, |
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.layout_id = "4M", |
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.key = KEY_HAME, |
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}, { |
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.id = "MPR-L8", |
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.hw_id = HWID_HAME_MPR_A1_L8, |
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.layout_id = "4M", |
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.key = KEY_HAME, |
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}, { |
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.id = "R50B", |
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.hw_id = HWID_PORAY_R50B, |
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.layout_id = "4M", |
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.key = KEY_PORAY_2, |
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}, { |
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.id = "R50D", |
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.hw_id = HWID_PORAY_R50D, |
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.layout_id = "4M", |
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.key = KEY_PORAY_3, |
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}, { |
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.id = "R50E", |
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.hw_id = HWID_PORAY_R50E, |
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.layout_id = "4M", |
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.key = KEY_PORAY_4, |
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}, { |
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.id = "M3", |
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.hw_id = HWID_PORAY_M3, |
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.layout_id = "4M", |
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.key = KEY_PORAY_1, |
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}, { |
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.id = "M4", |
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.hw_id = HWID_PORAY_M4, |
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.layout_id = "4M", |
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.key = KEY_PORAY_1, |
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}, { |
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.id = "Q3", |
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.hw_id = HWID_PORAY_Q3, |
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.layout_id = "4M", |
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.key = KEY_PORAY_1, |
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}, { |
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.id = "X5 or X6", |
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.hw_id = HWID_PORAY_X5_X6, |
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.layout_id = "8M", |
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.key = KEY_PORAY_1, |
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}, { |
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.id = "X5", |
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.hw_id = HWID_PORAY_X5_X6, |
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.layout_id = "8M", |
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.key = KEY_PORAY_1, |
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}, { |
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.id = "X6", |
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.hw_id = HWID_PORAY_X5_X6, |
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.layout_id = "8M", |
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.key = KEY_PORAY_1, |
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}, { |
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.id = "X8", |
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.hw_id = HWID_PORAY_X8, |
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.layout_id = "8M", |
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.key = KEY_PORAY_1, |
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}, { |
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.id = "X1", |
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.hw_id = HWID_PORAY_X1, |
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.layout_id = "8M", |
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.key = KEY_PORAY_1, |
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}, { |
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/* terminating entry */ |
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} |
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}; |
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/*
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* Message macros |
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*/ |
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#define ERR(fmt, ...) do { \ |
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fflush(0); \
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fprintf(stderr, "[%s] *** error: " fmt "\n", \
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progname, ## __VA_ARGS__ ); \
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} while (0) |
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#define ERRS(fmt, ...) do { \ |
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int save = errno; \
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fflush(0); \
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fprintf(stderr, "[%s] *** error: " fmt ":%s\n", \
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progname, ## __VA_ARGS__, strerror(save)); \
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} while (0) |
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#define DBG(fmt, ...) do { \ |
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fprintf(stderr, "[%s] " fmt "\n", progname, ## __VA_ARGS__ ); \
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} while (0) |
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/*
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* Find a board by its name |
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*/ |
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static struct board_info *find_board(char *id) |
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{ |
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struct board_info *ret; |
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struct board_info *board; |
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ret = NULL; |
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for (board = boards; board->id != NULL; board++){ |
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if (strcasecmp(id, board->id) == 0) { |
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ret = board; |
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break; |
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} |
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}; |
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return ret; |
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} |
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/*
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* Find a board by its hardware ID |
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*/ |
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static struct board_info *find_board_by_hwid(uint32_t hw_id) |
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{ |
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struct board_info *board; |
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for (board = boards; board->id != NULL; board++) { |
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if (hw_id == board->hw_id) |
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return board; |
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}; |
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return NULL; |
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} |
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/*
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* Find a Flash memory layout by its name |
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*/ |
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static struct flash_layout *find_layout(char *id) |
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{ |
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struct flash_layout *ret; |
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struct flash_layout *l; |
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ret = NULL; |
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for (l = layouts; l->id != NULL; l++){ |
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if (strcasecmp(id, l->id) == 0) { |
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ret = l; |
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break; |
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} |
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}; |
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return ret; |
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} |
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/*
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* Display usage |
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*/ |
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static void usage(int status) |
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{ |
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FILE *stream = (status != EXIT_SUCCESS) ? stderr : stdout; |
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fprintf(stream, "Usage: %s [OPTIONS...]\n", progname); |
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fprintf(stream, |
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"\n" |
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"Options:\n" |
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" -B <board> create image for the board specified with <board>\n" |
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" -H <hwid> use hardware id specified with <hwid>\n" |
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" -F <id> use flash layout specified with <id>\n" |
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" -f <file> read firmware image from the file <file>\n" |
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" -o <file> write output to the file <file>\n" |
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" -i inspect given firmware file (requires -f)\n" |
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" -x extract combined kernel and rootfs while inspecting (implies -i)\n" |
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" -h show this screen\n" |
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); |
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exit(status); |
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} |
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/*
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* Get file statistics |
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*/ |
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static int get_file_stat(struct file_info *fdata) |
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{ |
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struct stat st; |
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int res; |
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if (fdata->file_name == NULL) { |
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return 0; |
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} |
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res = stat(fdata->file_name, &st); |
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if (res){ |
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ERRS("stat failed on %s", fdata->file_name); |
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return res; |
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} |
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fdata->file_size = st.st_size; |
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return 0; |
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} |
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/*
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* Read file into buffer |
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*/ |
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static int read_to_buf(struct file_info *fdata, uint8_t *buf) |
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{ |
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FILE *f; |
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int ret = EXIT_FAILURE; |
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f = fopen(fdata->file_name, "rb"); |
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if (f == NULL) { |
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ERRS("could not open \"%s\" for reading", fdata->file_name); |
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goto out; |
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} |
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errno = 0; |
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fread(buf, fdata->file_size, 1, f); |
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if (errno != 0) { |
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ERRS("unable to read from file \"%s\"", fdata->file_name); |
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goto out_close; |
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} |
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ret = EXIT_SUCCESS; |
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out_close: |
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fclose(f); |
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out: |
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return ret; |
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} |
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/*
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* Check command line options |
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*/ |
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static int check_options(void) |
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{ |
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int ret; |
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if (firmware_info.file_name == NULL) { |
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ERR("no firmware image specified"); |
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return -1; |
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} |
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ret = get_file_stat(&firmware_info); |
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if (ret) |
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return ret; |
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if (inspect) |
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return 0; |
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if (board_id == NULL && opt_hw_id == NULL) { |
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ERR("either board or hardware id must be specified"); |
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return -1; |
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} |
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if (board_id) { |
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board = find_board(board_id); |
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if (board == NULL) { |
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ERR("unknown/unsupported board id \"%s\"", board_id); |
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return -1; |
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} |
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if (layout_id == NULL) { |
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layout_id = board->layout_id; |
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} |
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hw_id = board->hw_id; |
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} else { |
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hw_id = strtoul(opt_hw_id, NULL, 0); |
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board = find_board_by_hwid(hw_id); |
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if (layout_id == NULL) { |
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layout_id = board->layout_id; |
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} |
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} |
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layout = find_layout(layout_id); |
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if (layout == NULL) { |
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ERR("unknown flash layout \"%s\"", layout_id); |
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return -1; |
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} |
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firmware_len = firmware_info.file_size; |
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if (firmware_info.file_size > |
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layout->fw_max_len - sizeof (struct fw_header)) { |
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ERR("firmware image is too big"); |
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return -1; |
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} |
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if (ofname == NULL) { |
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ERR("no output file specified"); |
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return -1; |
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} |
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return 0; |
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} |
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/*
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* Fill in firmware header |
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*/ |
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static void fill_header(uint8_t *buf) |
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{ |
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struct fw_header *hdr = (struct fw_header *) buf; |
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memset(hdr, 0, sizeof (struct fw_header)); |
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hdr->hw_id = HOST_TO_LE32(hw_id); |
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hdr->firmware_len = HOST_TO_LE32(firmware_len); |
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hdr->flags = HOST_TO_LE32(HEADER_FLAGS); |
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} |
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/*
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* Compute firmware checksum |
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*/ |
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static uint16_t checksum_fw(uint8_t *data, int len) |
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{ |
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int i; |
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int32_t checksum = 0; |
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for (i = 0; i < len - 1; i += 2) { |
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checksum += (data[i + 1] << 8) | data[i]; |
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} |
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if (i < len) { |
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checksum += data[i]; |
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} |
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checksum = checksum + (checksum >> 16) + 0xffff; |
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checksum = ~(checksum + (checksum >> 16)) & 0xffff; |
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return (uint16_t) checksum; |
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} |
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/*
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* (De)obfuscate firmware using an XOR operation with a fixed length key |
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*/ |
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static void xor_fw(uint8_t *data, int len) |
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{ |
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int i; |
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for (i = 0; i <= len; i++) { |
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data[i] ^= key[board->key][i % KEY_LEN]; |
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} |
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} |
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/*
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* Write firmware to file |
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*/ |
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static int write_fw(uint8_t *data, int len) |
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{ |
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FILE *f; |
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int ret = EXIT_FAILURE; |
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f = fopen(ofname, "wb"); |
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if (f == NULL) { |
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ERRS("could not open \"%s\" for writing", ofname); |
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goto out; |
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} |
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errno = 0; |
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fwrite(data, len, 1, f); |
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if (errno) { |
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ERRS("unable to write output file"); |
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goto out_flush; |
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} |
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DBG("firmware file \"%s\" completed", ofname); |
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ret = EXIT_SUCCESS; |
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out_flush: |
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fflush(f); |
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fclose(f); |
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if (ret != EXIT_SUCCESS) { |
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unlink(ofname); |
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} |
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out: |
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return ret; |
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} |
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/*
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* Build firmware file |
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*/ |
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static int build_fw(void) |
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{ |
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int buflen; |
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uint8_t *buf, *p; |
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int ret = EXIT_FAILURE; |
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int writelen = 0; |
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uint16_t checksum; |
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buflen = layout->fw_max_len; |
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buf = (uint8_t *) malloc(buflen); |
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if (!buf) { |
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ERR("no memory for buffer\n"); |
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goto out; |
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} |
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memset(buf, 0xff, buflen); |
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p = buf + sizeof (struct fw_header); |
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ret = read_to_buf(&firmware_info, p); |
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if (ret) { |
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goto out_free_buf; |
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} |
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writelen = sizeof (struct fw_header) + firmware_len + 2; |
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/* Fill in header */ |
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fill_header(buf); |
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/* Compute firmware checksum */ |
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checksum = checksum_fw(buf + sizeof (struct fw_header), firmware_len); |
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/* Cannot use network order function because checksum is not word-aligned */ |
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buf[writelen - 1] = checksum >> 8; |
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buf[writelen - 2] = checksum & 0xff; |
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/* XOR obfuscate firmware */ |
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xor_fw(buf + sizeof (struct fw_header), firmware_len + 2); |
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/* Write firmware file */ |
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ret = write_fw(buf, writelen); |
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if (ret) { |
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goto out_free_buf; |
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} |
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ret = EXIT_SUCCESS; |
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out_free_buf: |
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free(buf); |
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out: |
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return ret; |
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} |
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/* Helper functions to inspect_fw() representing different output formats */ |
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static inline void inspect_fw_pstr(char *label, char *str) |
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{ |
||||
printf("%-23s: %s\n", label, str); |
||||
} |
||||
|
||||
static inline void inspect_fw_phex(char *label, uint32_t val) |
||||
{ |
||||
printf("%-23s: 0x%08x\n", label, val); |
||||
} |
||||
|
||||
static inline void inspect_fw_phexpost(char *label, |
||||
uint32_t val, char *post) |
||||
{ |
||||
printf("%-23s: 0x%08x (%s)\n", label, val, post); |
||||
} |
||||
|
||||
static inline void inspect_fw_phexdef(char *label, |
||||
uint32_t val, uint32_t defval) |
||||
{ |
||||
printf("%-23s: 0x%08x ", label, val); |
||||
|
||||
if (val == defval) { |
||||
printf("(== OpenWrt default)\n"); |
||||
} else { |
||||
printf("(OpenWrt default: 0x%08x)\n", defval); |
||||
} |
||||
} |
||||
|
||||
static inline void inspect_fw_phexexp(char *label, |
||||
uint32_t val, uint32_t expval) |
||||
{ |
||||
printf("%-23s: 0x%08x ", label, val); |
||||
|
||||
if (val == expval) { |
||||
printf("(ok)\n"); |
||||
} else { |
||||
printf("(expected: 0x%08x)\n", expval); |
||||
} |
||||
} |
||||
|
||||
static inline void inspect_fw_phexdec(char *label, uint32_t val) |
||||
{ |
||||
printf("%-23s: 0x%08x / %8u bytes\n", label, val, val); |
||||
} |
||||
|
||||
static inline void inspect_fw_pchecksum(char *label, |
||||
uint16_t val, uint16_t expval) |
||||
{ |
||||
printf("%-23s: 0x%04x ", label, val); |
||||
if (val == expval) { |
||||
printf("(ok)\n"); |
||||
} else { |
||||
printf("(expected: 0x%04x)\n", expval); |
||||
} |
||||
} |
||||
|
||||
static int inspect_fw(void) |
||||
{ |
||||
uint8_t *buf; |
||||
struct fw_header *hdr; |
||||
int ret = EXIT_FAILURE; |
||||
uint16_t computed_checksum, file_checksum; |
||||
|
||||
buf = (uint8_t *) malloc(firmware_info.file_size); |
||||
if (!buf) { |
||||
ERR("no memory for buffer!\n"); |
||||
goto out; |
||||
} |
||||
|
||||
ret = read_to_buf(&firmware_info, buf); |
||||
if (ret) { |
||||
goto out_free_buf; |
||||
} |
||||
hdr = (struct fw_header *)buf; |
||||
|
||||
inspect_fw_pstr("File name", firmware_info.file_name); |
||||
inspect_fw_phexdec("File size", firmware_info.file_size); |
||||
|
||||
printf("\n"); |
||||
|
||||
inspect_fw_phexdec("Header size", sizeof (struct fw_header)); |
||||
board = find_board_by_hwid(LE32_TO_HOST(hdr->hw_id)); |
||||
if (board) { |
||||
layout = find_layout(board->layout_id); |
||||
inspect_fw_phexpost("Hardware ID", |
||||
LE32_TO_HOST( hdr->hw_id), board->id); |
||||
} else { |
||||
inspect_fw_phexpost("Hardware ID", |
||||
LE32_TO_HOST(hdr->hw_id), "unknown"); |
||||
} |
||||
inspect_fw_phexdec("Firmware data length", |
||||
LE32_TO_HOST(hdr->firmware_len)); |
||||
|
||||
inspect_fw_phexexp("Flags", |
||||
LE32_TO_HOST(hdr->flags), HEADER_FLAGS); |
||||
printf("\n"); |
||||
|
||||
/* XOR unobfuscate firmware */ |
||||
xor_fw(buf + sizeof (struct fw_header), LE32_TO_HOST(hdr->firmware_len) + 2); |
||||
|
||||
/* Compute firmware checksum */ |
||||
computed_checksum = checksum_fw(buf + sizeof (struct fw_header), LE32_TO_HOST(hdr->firmware_len)); |
||||
|
||||
/* Cannot use network order function because checksum is not word-aligned */ |
||||
file_checksum = (buf[firmware_info.file_size - 1] << 8) | buf[firmware_info.file_size - 2]; |
||||
inspect_fw_pchecksum("Firmware checksum", computed_checksum, file_checksum); |
||||
|
||||
/* Verify checksum */ |
||||
if (computed_checksum != file_checksum) { |
||||
ret = -1; |
||||
ERR("checksums do not match"); |
||||
goto out_free_buf; |
||||
} |
||||
|
||||
printf("\n"); |
||||
|
||||
if (extract) { |
||||
FILE *fp; |
||||
char *filename; |
||||
|
||||
if (ofname == NULL) { |
||||
filename = malloc(strlen(firmware_info.file_name) + 10); |
||||
sprintf(filename, "%s-firmware", firmware_info.file_name); |
||||
} else { |
||||
filename = ofname; |
||||
} |
||||
printf("Extracting firmware to \"%s\"...\n", filename); |
||||
fp = fopen(filename, "wb"); |
||||
if (fp) { |
||||
if (!fwrite(buf + sizeof (struct fw_header), |
||||
LE32_TO_HOST(hdr->firmware_len), 1, fp)) { |
||||
ERRS("error in fwrite(): %s", strerror(errno)); |
||||
} |
||||
fclose(fp); |
||||
} else { |
||||
ERRS("error in fopen(): %s", strerror(errno)); |
||||
} |
||||
if (ofname == NULL) { |
||||
free(filename); |
||||
} |
||||
printf("\n"); |
||||
} |
||||
|
||||
out_free_buf: |
||||
free(buf); |
||||
out: |
||||
return ret; |
||||
} |
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Main entry point |
||||
*/ |
||||
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) |
||||
{ |
||||
int ret = EXIT_FAILURE; |
||||
|
||||
progname = basename(argv[0]); |
||||
|
||||
int c; |
||||
|
||||
while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "B:H:F:f:o:ixh")) != -1) { |
||||
switch (c) { |
||||
case 'B': |
||||
board_id = optarg; |
||||
break; |
||||
case 'H': |
||||
opt_hw_id = optarg; |
||||
break; |
||||
case 'F': |
||||
layout_id = optarg; |
||||
break; |
||||
case 'f': |
||||
firmware_info.file_name = optarg; |
||||
break; |
||||
case 'o': |
||||
ofname = optarg; |
||||
break; |
||||
case 'i': |
||||
inspect = 1; |
||||
break; |
||||
case 'x': |
||||
inspect = 1; |
||||
extract = 1; |
||||
break; |
||||
case 'h': |
||||
usage(EXIT_SUCCESS); |
||||
break; |
||||
default: |
||||
usage(EXIT_FAILURE); |
||||
break; |
||||
} |
||||
} |
||||
|
||||
ret = check_options(); |
||||
if (ret) { |
||||
goto out; |
||||
} |
||||
if (!inspect) { |
||||
ret = build_fw(); |
||||
} else { |
||||
ret = inspect_fw(); |
||||
} |
||||
|
||||
out: |
||||
return ret; |
||||
} |
Loading…
Reference in new issue