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### GNU Free Documentation License |
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|
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Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 |
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|
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Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, |
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Inc. <https://fsf.org/> |
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|
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Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this |
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license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
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|
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#### 0. PREAMBLE |
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|
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The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other |
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functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to |
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assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, |
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with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. |
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Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way |
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to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible |
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for modifications made by others. |
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|
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This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative |
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works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It |
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complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft |
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license designed for free software. |
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|
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We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free |
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software, because free software needs free documentation: a free |
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program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the |
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software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it |
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can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or |
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whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License |
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principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. |
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|
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#### 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS |
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|
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This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that |
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contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be |
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distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a |
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world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that |
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work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers |
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to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, |
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and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify |
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or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright |
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law. |
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|
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A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the |
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Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with |
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modifications and/or translated into another language. |
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|
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A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of |
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the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the |
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publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall |
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subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall |
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directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in |
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part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain |
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any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical |
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connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, |
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commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding |
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them. |
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|
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The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles |
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are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice |
||||
that says that the Document is released under this License. If a |
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section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not |
||||
allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero |
||||
Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant |
||||
Sections then there are none. |
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|
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The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, |
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as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that |
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the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be |
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at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. |
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|
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A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, |
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represented in a format whose specification is available to the |
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general public, that is suitable for revising the document |
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straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of |
||||
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available |
||||
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or |
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for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input |
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to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file |
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format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart |
||||
or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. |
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An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount |
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of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". |
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|
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Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain |
||||
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML |
||||
or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple |
||||
HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of |
||||
transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats |
||||
include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by |
||||
proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or |
||||
processing tools are not generally available, and the |
||||
machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word |
||||
processors for output purposes only. |
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|
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The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, |
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plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material |
||||
this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in |
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formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means |
||||
the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, |
||||
preceding the beginning of the body of the text. |
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|
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The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies of |
||||
the Document to the public. |
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|
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A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose |
||||
title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following |
||||
text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a |
||||
specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", |
||||
"Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" |
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of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a |
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section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition. |
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|
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The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which |
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states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty |
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Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this |
||||
License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other |
||||
implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has |
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no effect on the meaning of this License. |
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|
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#### 2. VERBATIM COPYING |
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|
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You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either |
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commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the |
||||
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies |
||||
to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no |
||||
other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use |
||||
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further |
||||
copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept |
||||
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough |
||||
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. |
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|
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You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and |
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you may publicly display copies. |
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|
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#### 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY |
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|
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If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have |
||||
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the |
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Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the |
||||
copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover |
||||
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on |
||||
the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you |
||||
as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the |
||||
full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. |
||||
You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with |
||||
changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of |
||||
the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim |
||||
copying in other respects. |
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|
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If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit |
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legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit |
||||
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent |
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pages. |
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|
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If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering |
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more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent |
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copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy |
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a computer-network location from which the general network-using |
||||
public has access to download using public-standard network protocols |
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a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. |
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If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, |
||||
when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure |
||||
that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated |
||||
location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an |
||||
Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that |
||||
edition to the public. |
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|
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It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the |
||||
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to |
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give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the |
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Document. |
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|
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#### 4. MODIFICATIONS |
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|
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You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under |
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the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release |
||||
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified |
||||
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution |
||||
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy |
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of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: |
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|
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- A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title |
||||
distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous |
||||
versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the |
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History section of the Document). You may use the same title as a |
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previous version if the original publisher of that version |
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gives permission. |
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- B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or |
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entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the |
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Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal |
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authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has |
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fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement. |
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- C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the |
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Modified Version, as the publisher. |
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- D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. |
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- E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications |
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adjacent to the other copyright notices. |
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- F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license |
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notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version |
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under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the |
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Addendum below. |
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- G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant |
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Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's |
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license notice. |
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- H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. |
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- I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, |
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and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new |
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authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the |
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Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the |
||||
Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and |
||||
publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an |
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item describing the Modified Version as stated in the |
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previous sentence. |
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- J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document |
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for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and |
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likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous |
||||
versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" |
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section. You may omit a network location for a work that was |
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published at least four years before the Document itself, or if |
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the original publisher of the version it refers to |
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gives permission. |
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- K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", |
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Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all |
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the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements |
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and/or dedications given therein. |
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- L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered |
||||
in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the |
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equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. |
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- M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may |
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not be included in the Modified Version. |
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- N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled |
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"Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. |
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- O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. |
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|
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If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or |
||||
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material |
||||
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all |
||||
of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the |
||||
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. |
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These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. |
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|
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You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains |
||||
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
||||
parties—for example, statements of peer review or that the text has |
||||
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a |
||||
standard. |
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|
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You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a |
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passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list |
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of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of |
||||
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or |
||||
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already |
||||
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or |
||||
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, |
||||
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit |
||||
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. |
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|
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The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License |
||||
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or |
||||
imply endorsement of any Modified Version. |
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|
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#### 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS |
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|
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You may combine the Document with other documents released under this |
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License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified |
||||
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the |
||||
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and |
||||
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its |
||||
license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. |
||||
|
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The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and |
||||
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single |
||||
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but |
||||
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by |
||||
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original |
||||
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. |
||||
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of |
||||
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. |
||||
|
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In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" |
||||
in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled |
||||
"History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", |
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and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections |
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Entitled "Endorsements". |
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|
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#### 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS |
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|
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You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other |
||||
documents released under this License, and replace the individual |
||||
copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy |
||||
that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules |
||||
of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all |
||||
other respects. |
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|
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You may extract a single document from such a collection, and |
||||
distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a |
||||
copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this |
||||
License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that |
||||
document. |
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|
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#### 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS |
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|
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A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate |
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and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or |
||||
distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright |
||||
resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights |
||||
of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. |
||||
When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not |
||||
apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves |
||||
derivative works of the Document. |
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|
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If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these |
||||
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of |
||||
the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on |
||||
covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the |
||||
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. |
||||
Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole |
||||
aggregate. |
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|
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#### 8. TRANSLATION |
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|
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Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may |
||||
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. |
||||
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special |
||||
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include |
||||
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the |
||||
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a |
||||
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the |
||||
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include |
||||
the original English version of this License and the original versions |
||||
of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between |
||||
the translation and the original version of this License or a notice |
||||
or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. |
||||
|
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If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", |
||||
"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve |
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its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual |
||||
title. |
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|
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#### 9. TERMINATION |
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|
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You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document |
||||
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise |
||||
to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will |
||||
automatically terminate your rights under this License. |
||||
|
||||
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license |
||||
from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, |
||||
unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally |
||||
terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder |
||||
fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to |
||||
60 days after the cessation. |
||||
|
||||
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is |
||||
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the |
||||
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have |
||||
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that |
||||
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after |
||||
your receipt of the notice. |
||||
|
||||
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the |
||||
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under |
||||
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently |
||||
reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does |
||||
not give you any rights to use it. |
||||
|
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#### 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE |
||||
|
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The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the |
||||
GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions |
||||
will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in |
||||
detail to address new problems or concerns. See |
||||
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
||||
|
||||
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. |
||||
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this |
||||
License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of |
||||
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or |
||||
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the |
||||
Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version |
||||
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not |
||||
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies |
||||
that a proxy can decide which future versions of this License can be |
||||
used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version |
||||
permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Document. |
||||
|
||||
#### 11. RELICENSING |
||||
|
||||
"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any |
||||
World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also |
||||
provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A |
||||
public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A |
||||
"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the site |
||||
means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site. |
||||
|
||||
"CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 |
||||
license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit |
||||
corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, |
||||
California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license |
||||
published by that same organization. |
||||
|
||||
"Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in |
||||
part, as part of another Document. |
||||
|
||||
An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this |
||||
License, and if all works that were first published under this License |
||||
somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole |
||||
or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, |
||||
and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008. |
||||
|
||||
The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site |
||||
under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, |
||||
provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. |
||||
|
||||
### ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents |
||||
|
||||
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of |
||||
the License in the document and put the following copyright and |
||||
license notices just after the title page: |
||||
|
||||
Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. |
||||
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
||||
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 |
||||
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
||||
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. |
||||
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU |
||||
Free Documentation License". |
||||
|
||||
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover |
||||
Texts, replace the "with … Texts." line with this: |
||||
|
||||
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the |
||||
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. |
||||
|
||||
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other |
||||
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the |
||||
situation. |
||||
|
||||
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we |
||||
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of |
||||
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to |
||||
permit their use in free software. |
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