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356 lines
17 KiB
356 lines
17 KiB
# MinIO Server Config Guide [](https://slack.min.io) [](https://hub.docker.com/r/minio/minio/)
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## Configuration Directory
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Till MinIO release `RELEASE.2018-08-02T23-11-36Z`, MinIO server configuration file (`config.json`) was stored in the configuration directory specified by `--config-dir` or defaulted to `${HOME}/.minio`. However from releases after `RELEASE.2018-08-18T03-49-57Z`, the configuration file (only), has been migrated to the storage backend (storage backend is the directory passed to MinIO server while starting the server).
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You can specify the location of your existing config using `--config-dir`, MinIO will migrate the `config.json` to your backend storage. Your current `config.json` will be renamed upon successful migration as `config.json.deprecated` in your current `--config-dir`. All your existing configurations are honored after this migration.
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Additionally `--config-dir` is now a legacy option which will is scheduled for removal in future, so please update your local startup, ansible scripts accordingly.
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```sh
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minio server /data
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```
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MinIO also encrypts all the config, IAM and policies content with admin credentials.
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### Certificate Directory
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TLS certificates by default are stored under ``${HOME}/.minio/certs`` directory. You need to place certificates here to enable `HTTPS` based access. Read more about [How to secure access to MinIO server with TLS](https://docs.min.io/docs/how-to-secure-access-to-minio-server-with-tls).
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Following is the directory structure for MinIO server with TLS certificates.
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```sh
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$ mc tree --files ~/.minio
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/home/user1/.minio
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└─ certs
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├─ CAs
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├─ private.key
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└─ public.crt
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```
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You can provide a custom certs directory using `--certs-dir` command line option.
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#### Credentials
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On MinIO admin credentials or root credentials are only allowed to be changed using ENVs namely `MINIO_ACCESS_KEY` and `MINIO_SECRET_KEY`. Using the combination of these two values MinIO encrypts the config stored at the backend.
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```
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export MINIO_ACCESS_KEY=minio
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export MINIO_SECRET_KEY=minio13
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minio server /data
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```
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##### Rotating encryption with new credentials
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Additionally if you wish to change the admin credentials, then MinIO will automatically detect this and re-encrypt with new credentials as shown below. For one time only special ENVs as shown below needs to be set for rotating the encryption config.
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> Old ENVs are never remembered in memory and are destroyed right after they are used to migrate your existing content with new credentials. You are safe to remove them after the server as successfully started, by restarting the services once again.
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```
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export MINIO_ACCESS_KEY=newminio
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export MINIO_SECRET_KEY=newminio123
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export MINIO_ACCESS_KEY_OLD=minio
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export MINIO_SECRET_KEY_OLD=minio123
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minio server /data
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```
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Once the migration is complete, server will automatically unset the `MINIO_ACCESS_KEY_OLD` and `MINIO_SECRET_KEY_OLD` with in the process namespace.
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> **NOTE: Make sure to remove `MINIO_ACCESS_KEY_OLD` and `MINIO_SECRET_KEY_OLD` in scripts or service files before next service restarts of the server to avoid double encryption of your existing contents.**
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#### Region
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```
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KEY:
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region label the location of the server
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ARGS:
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name (string) name of the location of the server e.g. "us-west-rack2"
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comment (sentence) optionally add a comment to this setting
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```
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or environment variables
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```
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KEY:
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region label the location of the server
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ARGS:
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MINIO_REGION_NAME (string) name of the location of the server e.g. "us-west-rack2"
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MINIO_REGION_COMMENT (sentence) optionally add a comment to this setting
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```
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Example:
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```sh
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export MINIO_REGION_NAME="my_region"
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minio server /data
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```
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### Storage Class
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By default, parity for objects with standard storage class is set to `N/2`, and parity for objects with reduced redundancy storage class objects is set to `2`. Read more about storage class support in MinIO server [here](https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/erasure/storage-class/README.md).
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```
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KEY:
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storage_class define object level redundancy
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ARGS:
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standard (string) set the parity count for default standard storage class e.g. "EC:4"
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rrs (string) set the parity count for reduced redundancy storage class e.g. "EC:2"
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comment (sentence) optionally add a comment to this setting
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```
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or environment variables
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```
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KEY:
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storage_class define object level redundancy
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ARGS:
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MINIO_STORAGE_CLASS_STANDARD (string) set the parity count for default standard storage class e.g. "EC:4"
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MINIO_STORAGE_CLASS_RRS (string) set the parity count for reduced redundancy storage class e.g. "EC:2"
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MINIO_STORAGE_CLASS_COMMENT (sentence) optionally add a comment to this setting
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```
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### Cache
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MinIO provides caching storage tier for primarily gateway deployments, allowing you to cache content for faster reads, cost savings on repeated downloads from the cloud.
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```
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KEY:
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cache add caching storage tier
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ARGS:
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drives* (csv) comma separated mountpoints e.g. "/optane1,/optane2"
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expiry (number) cache expiry duration in days e.g. "90"
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quota (number) limit cache drive usage in percentage e.g. "90"
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exclude (csv) comma separated wildcard exclusion patterns e.g. "bucket/*.tmp,*.exe"
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after (number) minimum number of access before caching an object
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comment (sentence) optionally add a comment to this setting
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```
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or environment variables
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```
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KEY:
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cache add caching storage tier
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ARGS:
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MINIO_CACHE_DRIVES* (csv) comma separated mountpoints e.g. "/optane1,/optane2"
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MINIO_CACHE_EXPIRY (number) cache expiry duration in days e.g. "90"
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MINIO_CACHE_QUOTA (number) limit cache drive usage in percentage e.g. "90"
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MINIO_CACHE_EXCLUDE (csv) comma separated wildcard exclusion patterns e.g. "bucket/*.tmp,*.exe"
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MINIO_CACHE_AFTER (number) minimum number of access before caching an object
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MINIO_CACHE_COMMENT (sentence) optionally add a comment to this setting
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```
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#### Etcd
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MinIO supports storing encrypted IAM assets and bucket DNS records on etcd.
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> NOTE: if *path_prefix* is set then MinIO will not federate your buckets, namespaced IAM assets are assumed as isolated tenants, only buckets are considered globally unique but performing a lookup with a *bucket* which belongs to a different tenant will fail unlike federated setups where MinIO would port-forward and route the request to relevant cluster accordingly. This is a special feature, federated deployments should not need to set *path_prefix*.
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```
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KEY:
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etcd federate multiple clusters for IAM and Bucket DNS
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ARGS:
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endpoints* (csv) comma separated list of etcd endpoints e.g. "http://localhost:2379"
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path_prefix (path) namespace prefix to isolate tenants e.g. "customer1/"
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coredns_path (path) shared bucket DNS records, default is "/skydns"
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client_cert (path) client cert for mTLS authentication
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client_cert_key (path) client cert key for mTLS authentication
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comment (sentence) optionally add a comment to this setting
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```
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or environment variables
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```
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KEY:
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etcd federate multiple clusters for IAM and Bucket DNS
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ARGS:
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MINIO_ETCD_ENDPOINTS* (csv) comma separated list of etcd endpoints e.g. "http://localhost:2379"
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MINIO_ETCD_PATH_PREFIX (path) namespace prefix to isolate tenants e.g. "customer1/"
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MINIO_ETCD_COREDNS_PATH (path) shared bucket DNS records, default is "/skydns"
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MINIO_ETCD_CLIENT_CERT (path) client cert for mTLS authentication
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MINIO_ETCD_CLIENT_CERT_KEY (path) client cert key for mTLS authentication
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MINIO_ETCD_COMMENT (sentence) optionally add a comment to this setting
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```
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### API
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By default, there is no limitation on the number of concurrents requests that a server/cluster processes at the same time. However, it is possible to impose such limitation using the API subsystem. Read more about throttling limitation in MinIO server [here](https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/throttle/README.md).
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```
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KEY:
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api manage global HTTP API call specific features, such as throttling, authentication types, etc.
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ARGS:
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requests_max (number) set the maximum number of concurrent requests, e.g. "1600"
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requests_deadline (duration) set the deadline for API requests waiting to be processed e.g. "1m"
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cors_allow_origin (csv) set comma separated list of origins allowed for CORS requests e.g. "https://example1.com,https://example2.com"
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remote_transport_deadline (duration) set the deadline for API requests on remote transports while proxying between federated instances e.g. "2h"
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```
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or environment variables
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```
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MINIO_API_REQUESTS_MAX (number) set the maximum number of concurrent requests, e.g. "1600"
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MINIO_API_REQUESTS_DEADLINE (duration) set the deadline for API requests waiting to be processed e.g. "1m"
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MINIO_API_CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN (csv) set comma separated list of origins allowed for CORS requests e.g. "https://example1.com,https://example2.com"
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MINIO_API_REMOTE_TRANSPORT_DEADLINE (duration) set the deadline for API requests on remote transports while proxying between federated instances e.g. "2h"
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```
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#### Notifications
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Notification targets supported by MinIO are in the following list. To configure individual targets please refer to more detailed documentation [here](https://docs.min.io/docs/minio-bucket-notification-guide.html)
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```
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notify_webhook publish bucket notifications to webhook endpoints
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notify_amqp publish bucket notifications to AMQP endpoints
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notify_kafka publish bucket notifications to Kafka endpoints
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notify_mqtt publish bucket notifications to MQTT endpoints
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notify_nats publish bucket notifications to NATS endpoints
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notify_nsq publish bucket notifications to NSQ endpoints
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notify_mysql publish bucket notifications to MySQL databases
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notify_postgres publish bucket notifications to Postgres databases
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notify_elasticsearch publish bucket notifications to Elasticsearch endpoints
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notify_redis publish bucket notifications to Redis datastores
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```
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### Accessing configuration
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All configuration changes can be made using [`mc admin config` get/set/reset/export/import commands](https://github.com/minio/mc/blob/master/docs/minio-admin-complete-guide.md).
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#### List all config keys available
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```
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~ mc admin config set myminio/
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```
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#### Obtain help for each key
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```
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~ mc admin config set myminio/ <key>
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```
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e.g: `mc admin config set myminio/ etcd` returns available `etcd` config args
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```
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~ mc admin config set play/ etcd
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KEY:
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etcd federate multiple clusters for IAM and Bucket DNS
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ARGS:
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endpoints* (csv) comma separated list of etcd endpoints e.g. "http://localhost:2379"
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path_prefix (path) namespace prefix to isolate tenants e.g. "customer1/"
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coredns_path (path) shared bucket DNS records, default is "/skydns"
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client_cert (path) client cert for mTLS authentication
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client_cert_key (path) client cert key for mTLS authentication
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comment (sentence) optionally add a comment to this setting
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```
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To get ENV equivalent for each config args use `--env` flag
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```
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~ mc admin config set play/ etcd --env
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KEY:
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etcd federate multiple clusters for IAM and Bucket DNS
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ARGS:
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MINIO_ETCD_ENDPOINTS* (csv) comma separated list of etcd endpoints e.g. "http://localhost:2379"
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MINIO_ETCD_PATH_PREFIX (path) namespace prefix to isolate tenants e.g. "customer1/"
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MINIO_ETCD_COREDNS_PATH (path) shared bucket DNS records, default is "/skydns"
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MINIO_ETCD_CLIENT_CERT (path) client cert for mTLS authentication
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MINIO_ETCD_CLIENT_CERT_KEY (path) client cert key for mTLS authentication
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MINIO_ETCD_COMMENT (sentence) optionally add a comment to this setting
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```
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This behavior is consistent across all keys, each key self documents itself with valid examples.
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## Dynamic systems without restarting server
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The following sub-systems are dynamic i.e., configuration parameters for each sub-systems can be changed while the server is running without any restarts.
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```
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api manage global HTTP API call specific features, such as throttling, authentication types, etc.
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heal manage object healing frequency and bitrot verification checks
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crawler manage crawling for usage calculation, lifecycle, healing and more
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```
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> NOTE: if you set any of the following sub-system configuration using ENVs, dynamic behavior is not supported.
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### Usage crawler
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Data usage crawler is enabled by default. The following configuration settings allow for more staggered delay in terms of usage calculation. The crawler adapts to the system speed and completely pauses when the system is under load. It is possible to adjust the speed of the crawler and thereby the latency of updates being reflected. The delays between each operation of the crawl can be adjusted by the `mc admin config set alias/ delay=15.0`. By default the value is `10.0`. This means the crawler will sleep *10x* the time each operation takes.
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In most setups this will keep the crawler slow enough to not impact overall system performance. Setting the `delay` key to a *lower* value will make the crawler faster and setting it to 0 will make the crawler run at full speed (not recommended in production). Setting it to a higher value will make the crawler slower, consuming less resources with the trade off of not collecting metrics for operations like healing and disk usage as fast.
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```
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~ mc admin config set alias/ crawler
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KEY:
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crawler manage crawling for usage calculation, lifecycle, healing and more
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ARGS:
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delay (float) crawler delay multiplier, defaults to '10.0'
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max_wait (duration) maximum wait time between operations, defaults to '15s'
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```
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Example: Following setting will decrease the crawler speed by a factor of 3, reducing the system resource use, but increasing the latency of updates being reflected.
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```sh
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~ mc admin config set alias/ crawler delay=30.0
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```
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Once set the crawler settings are automatically applied without the need for server restarts.
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> NOTE: Data usage crawler is not supported under Gateway deployments.
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### Healing
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Healing is enabled by default. The following configuration settings allow for more staggered delay in terms of healing. The healing system by default adapts to the system speed and pauses up to '1sec' per object when the system has `max_io` number of concurrent requests. It is possible to adjust the `max_delay` and `max_io` values thereby increasing the healing speed. The delays between each operation of the healer can be adjusted by the `mc admin config set alias/ max_delay=1s` and maximum concurrent requests allowed before we start slowing things down can be configured with `mc admin config set alias/ max_io=30` . By default the wait delay is `1sec` beyond 10 cocurrent operations. This means the healer will sleep *1 second* at max for each heal operation if there are more than *10* concurrent client requests.
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In most setups this is sufficient to heal the content after drive replacements. Setting `max_delay` to a *lower* value and setting `max_io` to a *higher* value would make heal go faster.
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```
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~ mc admin config set alias/ heal
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KEY:
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heal manage object healing frequency and bitrot verification checks
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ARGS:
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bitrotscan (on|off) perform bitrot scan on disks when checking objects during crawl
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max_sleep (duration) maximum sleep duration between objects to slow down heal operation. eg. 2s
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max_io (int) maximum IO requests allowed between objects to slow down heal operation. eg. 3
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```
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Example: The following settings will increase the heal operation speed by allowing healing operation to run without delay up to `100` concurrent requests, and the maximum delay between each heal operation is set to `300ms`.
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```sh
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~ mc admin config set alias/ heal max_delay=300ms max_io=100
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```
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Once set the healer settings are automatically applied without the need for server restarts.
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> NOTE: Healing is not supported under Gateway deployments.
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## Environment only settings (not in config)
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### Browser
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Enable or disable access to web UI. By default it is set to `on`. You may override this field with `MINIO_BROWSER` environment variable.
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Example:
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```sh
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export MINIO_BROWSER=off
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minio server /data
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```
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### Domain
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By default, MinIO supports path-style requests that are of the format http://mydomain.com/bucket/object. `MINIO_DOMAIN` environment variable is used to enable virtual-host-style requests. If the request `Host` header matches with `(.+).mydomain.com` then the matched pattern `$1` is used as bucket and the path is used as object. More information on path-style and virtual-host-style [here](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/RESTAPI.html)
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Example:
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```sh
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export MINIO_DOMAIN=mydomain.com
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minio server /data
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```
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For advanced use cases `MINIO_DOMAIN` environment variable supports multiple-domains with comma separated values.
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```sh
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export MINIO_DOMAIN=sub1.mydomain.com,sub2.mydomain.com
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minio server /data
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```
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## Explore Further
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* [MinIO Quickstart Guide](https://docs.min.io/docs/minio-quickstart-guide)
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* [Configure MinIO Server with TLS](https://docs.min.io/docs/how-to-secure-access-to-minio-server-with-tls)
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