minio/cmd/endpoint.go

/*
 * MinIO Cloud Storage, (C) 2017-2019 MinIO, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package cmd

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"net/url"
	"path"
	"path/filepath"
	"runtime"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"

	humanize "github.com/dustin/go-humanize"
	"github.com/minio/cli"
	"github.com/minio/minio-go/v6/pkg/set"
	"github.com/minio/minio/cmd/config"
	"github.com/minio/minio/cmd/config/etcd"
	"github.com/minio/minio/cmd/logger"
	"github.com/minio/minio/pkg/env"
	"github.com/minio/minio/pkg/mountinfo"
)

// EndpointType - enum for endpoint type.
type EndpointType int

const (
	// PathEndpointType - path style endpoint type enum.
	PathEndpointType EndpointType = iota + 1

	// URLEndpointType - URL style endpoint type enum.
	URLEndpointType

	retryInterval = 5 // In Seconds.
)

// Endpoint - any type of endpoint.
type Endpoint struct {
	*url.URL
	IsLocal  bool
	SetIndex int
	HostName string
}

func (endpoint Endpoint) String() string {
	if endpoint.Host == "" {
		return endpoint.Path
	}

	return endpoint.URL.String()
}

// Type - returns type of endpoint.
func (endpoint Endpoint) Type() EndpointType {
	if endpoint.Host == "" {
		return PathEndpointType
	}

	return URLEndpointType
}

// IsHTTPS - returns true if secure for URLEndpointType.
func (endpoint Endpoint) IsHTTPS() bool {
	return endpoint.Scheme == "https"
}

// UpdateIsLocal - resolves the host and updates if it is local or not.
func (endpoint *Endpoint) UpdateIsLocal() error {
	if !endpoint.IsLocal {
		isLocal, err := isLocalHost(endpoint.HostName)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		endpoint.IsLocal = isLocal

	}
	return nil
}

// NewEndpoint - returns new endpoint based on given arguments.
func NewEndpoint(arg string) (ep Endpoint, e error) {
	// isEmptyPath - check whether given path is not empty.
	isEmptyPath := func(path string) bool {
		return path == "" || path == SlashSeparator || path == `\`
	}

	if isEmptyPath(arg) {
		return ep, fmt.Errorf("empty or root endpoint is not supported")
	}

	var isLocal bool
	var host string
	u, err := url.Parse(arg)
	if err == nil && u.Host != "" {
		// URL style of endpoint.
		// Valid URL style endpoint is
		// - Scheme field must contain "http" or "https"
		// - All field should be empty except Host and Path.
		if !((u.Scheme == "http" || u.Scheme == "https") &&
			u.User == nil && u.Opaque == "" && !u.ForceQuery && u.RawQuery == "" && u.Fragment == "") {
			return ep, fmt.Errorf("invalid URL endpoint format")
		}

		var port string
		host, port, err = net.SplitHostPort(u.Host)
		if err != nil {
			if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "missing port in address") {
				return ep, fmt.Errorf("invalid URL endpoint format: %s", err)
			}

			host = u.Host
		} else {
			var p int
			p, err = strconv.Atoi(port)
			if err != nil {
				return ep, fmt.Errorf("invalid URL endpoint format: invalid port number")
			} else if p < 1 || p > 65535 {
				return ep, fmt.Errorf("invalid URL endpoint format: port number must be between 1 to 65535")
			}
		}
		if i := strings.Index(host, "%"); i > -1 {
			host = host[:i]
		}

		if host == "" {
			return ep, fmt.Errorf("invalid URL endpoint format: empty host name")
		}

		// As this is path in the URL, we should use path package, not filepath package.
		// On MS Windows, filepath.Clean() converts into Windows path style ie `/foo` becomes `\foo`
		u.Path = path.Clean(u.Path)
		if isEmptyPath(u.Path) {
			return ep, fmt.Errorf("empty or root path is not supported in URL endpoint")
		}

		// On windows having a preceding SlashSeparator will cause problems, if the
		// command line already has C:/<export-folder/ in it. Final resulting
		// path on windows might become C:/C:/ this will cause problems
		// of starting minio server properly in distributed mode on windows.
		// As a special case make sure to trim the separator.

		// NOTE: It is also perfectly fine for windows users to have a path
		// without C:/ since at that point we treat it as relative path
		// and obtain the full filesystem path as well. Providing C:/
		// style is necessary to provide paths other than C:/,
		// such as F:/, D:/ etc.
		//
		// Another additional benefit here is that this style also
		// supports providing \\host\share support as well.
		if runtime.GOOS == globalWindowsOSName {
			if filepath.VolumeName(u.Path[1:]) != "" {
				u.Path = u.Path[1:]
			}
		}

	} else {
		// Only check if the arg is an ip address and ask for scheme since its absent.
		// localhost, example.com, any FQDN cannot be disambiguated from a regular file path such as
		// /mnt/export1. So we go ahead and start the minio server in FS modes in these cases.
		if isHostIP(arg) {
			return ep, fmt.Errorf("invalid URL endpoint format: missing scheme http or https")
		}
		u = &url.URL{Path: path.Clean(arg)}
		isLocal = true
	}

	return Endpoint{
		URL:      u,
		IsLocal:  isLocal,
		HostName: host,
	}, nil
}

// EndpointList - list of same type of endpoint.
type EndpointList []Endpoint

// Nodes - returns number of unique servers.
func (endpoints EndpointList) Nodes() int {
	uniqueNodes := set.NewStringSet()
	for _, endpoint := range endpoints {
		if uniqueNodes.Contains(endpoint.Host) {
			continue
		}
		uniqueNodes.Add(endpoint.Host)
	}
	return len(uniqueNodes)
}

// IsHTTPS - returns true if secure for URLEndpointType.
func (endpoints EndpointList) IsHTTPS() bool {
	return endpoints[0].IsHTTPS()
}

// GetString - returns endpoint string of i-th endpoint (0-based),
// and empty string for invalid indexes.
func (endpoints EndpointList) GetString(i int) string {
	if i < 0 || i >= len(endpoints) {
		return ""
	}
	return endpoints[i].String()
}

// UpdateIsLocal - resolves the host and discovers the local host.
func (endpoints EndpointList) UpdateIsLocal() error {
	var epsResolved int
	var foundLocal bool
	resolvedList := make([]bool, len(endpoints))
	// Mark the starting time
	startTime := time.Now()
	keepAliveTicker := time.NewTicker(retryInterval * time.Second)
	defer keepAliveTicker.Stop()
	for {
		// Break if the local endpoint is found already Or all the endpoints are resolved.
		if foundLocal || (epsResolved == len(endpoints)) {
			break
		}
		// Retry infinitely on Kubernetes and Docker swarm.
		// This is needed as the remote hosts are sometime
		// not available immediately.
		select {
		case <-globalOSSignalCh:
			return fmt.Errorf("The endpoint resolution got interrupted")
		default:
			for i, resolved := range resolvedList {
				if resolved {
					// Continue if host is already resolved.
					continue
				}

				// return err if not Docker or Kubernetes
				// We use IsDocker() to check for Docker environment
				// We use IsKubernetes() to check for Kubernetes environment
				isLocal, err := isLocalHost(endpoints[i].HostName)
				if err != nil {
					if !IsDocker() && !IsKubernetes() {
						return err
					}
					// time elapsed
					timeElapsed := time.Since(startTime)
					// log error only if more than 1s elapsed
					if timeElapsed > time.Second {
						// Log the message to console about the host not being resolveable.
						reqInfo := (&logger.ReqInfo{}).AppendTags("host", endpoints[i].HostName)
						reqInfo.AppendTags("elapsedTime", humanize.RelTime(startTime, startTime.Add(timeElapsed), "elapsed", ""))
						ctx := logger.SetReqInfo(context.Background(), reqInfo)
						logger.LogIf(ctx, err)
					}
				} else {
					resolvedList[i] = true
					endpoints[i].IsLocal = isLocal
					epsResolved++
					if !foundLocal {
						foundLocal = isLocal
					}
				}
			}

			// Wait for the tick, if the there exist a local endpoint in discovery.
			// Non docker/kubernetes environment we do not need to wait.
			if !foundLocal && (IsDocker() || IsKubernetes()) {
				<-keepAliveTicker.C
			}
		}
	}

	// On Kubernetes/Docker setups DNS resolves inappropriately sometimes
	// where there are situations same endpoints with multiple disks
	// come online indicating either one of them is local and some
	// of them are not local. This situation can never happen and
	// its only a possibility in orchestrated deployments with dynamic
	// DNS. Following code ensures that we treat if one of the endpoint
	// says its local for a given host - it is true for all endpoints
	// for the same host. Following code ensures that this assumption
	// is true and it works in all scenarios and it is safe to assume
	// for a given host.
	endpointLocalMap := make(map[string]bool)
	for _, ep := range endpoints {
		if ep.IsLocal {
			endpointLocalMap[ep.Host] = ep.IsLocal
		}
	}
	for i := range endpoints {
		endpoints[i].IsLocal = endpointLocalMap[endpoints[i].Host]
	}
	return nil
}

// NewEndpointList - returns new endpoint list based on input args.
func NewEndpointList(args ...string) (endpoints EndpointList, err error) {
	var endpointType EndpointType
	var scheme string

	uniqueArgs := set.NewStringSet()
	// Loop through args and adds to endpoint list.
	for i, arg := range args {
		endpoint, err := NewEndpoint(arg)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("'%s': %s", arg, err.Error())
		}

		// All endpoints have to be same type and scheme if applicable.
		if i == 0 {
			endpointType = endpoint.Type()
			scheme = endpoint.Scheme
		} else if endpoint.Type() != endpointType {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("mixed style endpoints are not supported")
		} else if endpoint.Scheme != scheme {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("mixed scheme is not supported")
		}

		arg = endpoint.String()
		if uniqueArgs.Contains(arg) {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("duplicate endpoints found")
		}
		uniqueArgs.Add(arg)
		endpoints = append(endpoints, endpoint)
	}

	return endpoints, nil
}

func checkEndpointsSubOptimal(ctx *cli.Context, setupType SetupType, endpoints EndpointList) (err error) {
	// Validate sub optimal ordering only for distributed setup.
	if setupType != DistXLSetupType {
		return nil
	}
	var endpointOrder int
	err = fmt.Errorf("Too many disk args are local, input is in sub-optimal order. Please review input args: %s", ctx.Args())
	for _, endpoint := range endpoints {
		if endpoint.IsLocal {
			endpointOrder++
		} else {
			endpointOrder--
		}
		if endpointOrder >= 2 {
			return err
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// Checks if there are any cross device mounts.
func checkCrossDeviceMounts(endpoints EndpointList) (err error) {
	var absPaths []string
	for _, endpoint := range endpoints {
		if endpoint.IsLocal {
			var absPath string
			absPath, err = filepath.Abs(endpoint.Path)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			absPaths = append(absPaths, absPath)
		}
	}
	return mountinfo.CheckCrossDevice(absPaths)
}

// CreateEndpoints - validates and creates new endpoints for given args.
func CreateEndpoints(serverAddr string, args ...[]string) (string, EndpointList, SetupType, error) {
	var endpoints EndpointList
	var setupType SetupType
	var err error

	// Check whether serverAddr is valid for this host.
	if err = CheckLocalServerAddr(serverAddr); err != nil {
		return serverAddr, endpoints, setupType, err
	}

	_, serverAddrPort := mustSplitHostPort(serverAddr)

	// For single arg, return FS setup.
	if len(args) == 1 && len(args[0]) == 1 {
		var endpoint Endpoint
		endpoint, err = NewEndpoint(args[0][0])
		if err != nil {
			return serverAddr, endpoints, setupType, err
		}
		if err := endpoint.UpdateIsLocal(); err != nil {
			return serverAddr, endpoints, setupType, err
		}
		if endpoint.Type() != PathEndpointType {
			return serverAddr, endpoints, setupType, config.ErrInvalidFSEndpoint(nil).Msg("use path style endpoint for FS setup")
		}
		endpoints = append(endpoints, endpoint)
		setupType = FSSetupType

		// Check for cross device mounts if any.
		if err = checkCrossDeviceMounts(endpoints); err != nil {
			return serverAddr, endpoints, setupType, config.ErrInvalidFSEndpoint(nil).Msg(err.Error())
		}
		return serverAddr, endpoints, setupType, nil
	}

	for i, iargs := range args {
		var newEndpoints EndpointList
		// Convert args to endpoints
		var eps EndpointList
		eps, err = NewEndpointList(iargs...)
		if err != nil {
			return serverAddr, endpoints, setupType, config.ErrInvalidErasureEndpoints(nil).Msg(err.Error())
		}

		// Check for cross device mounts if any.
		if err = checkCrossDeviceMounts(eps); err != nil {
			return serverAddr, endpoints, setupType, config.ErrInvalidErasureEndpoints(nil).Msg(err.Error())
		}

		for _, ep := range eps {
			ep.SetIndex = i
			newEndpoints = append(newEndpoints, ep)
		}
		endpoints = append(endpoints, newEndpoints...)
	}

	// Return XL setup when all endpoints are path style.
	if endpoints[0].Type() == PathEndpointType {
		setupType = XLSetupType
		return serverAddr, endpoints, setupType, nil
	}

	if err := endpoints.UpdateIsLocal(); err != nil {
		return serverAddr, endpoints, setupType, config.ErrInvalidErasureEndpoints(nil).Msg(err.Error())
	}

	// Here all endpoints are URL style.
	endpointPathSet := set.NewStringSet()
	localEndpointCount := 0
	localServerAddrSet := set.NewStringSet()
	localPortSet := set.NewStringSet()

	for _, endpoint := range endpoints {
		endpointPathSet.Add(endpoint.Path)
		if endpoint.IsLocal {
			localServerAddrSet.Add(endpoint.Host)

			var port string
			_, port, err = net.SplitHostPort(endpoint.Host)
			if err != nil {
				port = serverAddrPort
			}

			localPortSet.Add(port)

			localEndpointCount++
		}
	}

	// No local endpoint found.
	if localEndpointCount == 0 {
		return serverAddr, endpoints, setupType, config.ErrInvalidErasureEndpoints(nil).Msg("no endpoint pointing to the local machine is found")
	}

	// Check whether same path is not used in endpoints of a host on different port.
	{
		pathIPMap := make(map[string]set.StringSet)
		for _, endpoint := range endpoints {
			var host string
			host, _, err = net.SplitHostPort(endpoint.Host)
			if err != nil {
				host = endpoint.Host
			}
			hostIPSet, _ := getHostIP(host)
			if IPSet, ok := pathIPMap[endpoint.Path]; ok {
				if !IPSet.Intersection(hostIPSet).IsEmpty() {
					return serverAddr, endpoints, setupType,
						config.ErrInvalidErasureEndpoints(nil).Msg(fmt.Sprintf("path '%s' can not be served by different port on same address", endpoint.Path))
				}
				pathIPMap[endpoint.Path] = IPSet.Union(hostIPSet)
			} else {
				pathIPMap[endpoint.Path] = hostIPSet
			}
		}
	}

	// Check whether same path is used for more than 1 local endpoints.
	{
		localPathSet := set.CreateStringSet()
		for _, endpoint := range endpoints {
			if !endpoint.IsLocal {
				continue
			}
			if localPathSet.Contains(endpoint.Path) {
				return serverAddr, endpoints, setupType,
					config.ErrInvalidErasureEndpoints(nil).Msg(fmt.Sprintf("path '%s' cannot be served by different address on same server", endpoint.Path))
			}
			localPathSet.Add(endpoint.Path)
		}
	}

	// Check whether serverAddrPort matches at least in one of port used in local endpoints.
	{
		if !localPortSet.Contains(serverAddrPort) {
			if len(localPortSet) > 1 {
				return serverAddr, endpoints, setupType,
					config.ErrInvalidErasureEndpoints(nil).Msg("port number in server address must match with one of the port in local endpoints")
			}
			return serverAddr, endpoints, setupType,
				config.ErrInvalidErasureEndpoints(nil).Msg("server address and local endpoint have different ports")
		}
	}

	// All endpoints are pointing to local host
	if len(endpoints) == localEndpointCount {
		// If all endpoints have same port number, then this is XL setup using URL style endpoints.
		if len(localPortSet) == 1 {
			if len(localServerAddrSet) > 1 {
				// TODO: Even though all endpoints are local, the local host is referred by different IP/name.
				// eg '172.0.0.1', 'localhost' and 'mylocalhostname' point to same local host.
				//
				// In this case, we bind to 0.0.0.0 ie to all interfaces.
				// The actual way to do is bind to only IPs in uniqueLocalHosts.
				serverAddr = net.JoinHostPort("", serverAddrPort)
			}

			endpointPaths := endpointPathSet.ToSlice()
			endpoints, _ = NewEndpointList(endpointPaths...)
			setupType = XLSetupType
			return serverAddr, endpoints, setupType, nil
		}

		// Even though all endpoints are local, but those endpoints use different ports.
		// This means it is DistXL setup.
	} else {
		// This is DistXL setup.
		// Check whether local server address are not 127.x.x.x
		for _, localServerAddr := range localServerAddrSet.ToSlice() {
			host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(localServerAddr)
			if err != nil {
				host = localServerAddr
			}

			ipList, err := getHostIP(host)
			logger.FatalIf(err, "unexpected error when resolving host '%s'", host)

			// Filter ipList by IPs those start with '127.' or '::1'
			loopBackIPs := ipList.FuncMatch(func(ip string, matchString string) bool {
				return strings.HasPrefix(ip, "127.") || strings.HasPrefix(ip, "::1")
			}, "")

			// If loop back IP is found and ipList contains only loop back IPs, then error out.
			if len(loopBackIPs) > 0 && len(loopBackIPs) == len(ipList) {
				err = fmt.Errorf("'%s' resolves to loopback address is not allowed for distributed XL", localServerAddr)
				return serverAddr, endpoints, setupType, err
			}
		}
	}

	// Add missing port in all endpoints.
	for i := range endpoints {
		_, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(endpoints[i].Host)
		if err != nil {
			endpoints[i].Host = net.JoinHostPort(endpoints[i].Host, serverAddrPort)
		} else if endpoints[i].IsLocal && serverAddrPort != port {
			// If endpoint is local, but port is different than serverAddrPort, then make it as remote.
			endpoints[i].IsLocal = false
		}
	}

	uniqueArgs := set.NewStringSet()
	for _, endpoint := range endpoints {
		uniqueArgs.Add(endpoint.Host)
	}

	// Error out if we have more than serverCommandLineArgsMax unique servers.
	if len(uniqueArgs.ToSlice()) > serverCommandLineArgsMax {
		err := fmt.Errorf("Unsupported number of endpoints (%s), total number of servers cannot be more than %d", endpoints, serverCommandLineArgsMax)
		return serverAddr, endpoints, setupType, err
	}

	// Error out if we have less than 2 unique servers.
	if len(uniqueArgs.ToSlice()) < 2 && setupType == DistXLSetupType {
		err := fmt.Errorf("Unsupported number of endpoints (%s), minimum number of servers cannot be less than 2 in distributed setup", endpoints)
		return serverAddr, endpoints, setupType, err
	}

	_, dok := env.Lookup(config.EnvDomain)
	_, eok := env.Lookup(etcd.EnvEtcdEndpoints)
	_, iok := env.Lookup(config.EnvPublicIPs)
	if dok && eok && !iok {
		updateDomainIPs(uniqueArgs)
	}

	setupType = DistXLSetupType
	return serverAddr, endpoints, setupType, nil
}

// GetLocalPeer - returns local peer value, returns globalMinioAddr
// for FS and Erasure mode. In case of distributed server return
// the first element from the set of peers which indicate that
// they are local. There is always one entry that is local
// even with repeated server endpoints.
func GetLocalPeer(endpoints EndpointList) (localPeer string) {
	peerSet := set.NewStringSet()
	for _, endpoint := range endpoints {
		if endpoint.Type() != URLEndpointType {
			continue
		}
		if endpoint.IsLocal && endpoint.Host != "" {
			peerSet.Add(endpoint.Host)
		}
	}
	if peerSet.IsEmpty() {
		// Local peer can be empty in FS or Erasure coded mode.
		// If so, return globalMinioHost + globalMinioPort value.
		if globalMinioHost != "" {
			return net.JoinHostPort(globalMinioHost, globalMinioPort)
		}

		return net.JoinHostPort("127.0.0.1", globalMinioPort)
	}
	return peerSet.ToSlice()[0]
}

// GetRemotePeers - get hosts information other than this minio service.
func GetRemotePeers(endpoints EndpointList) []string {
	peerSet := set.NewStringSet()
	for _, endpoint := range endpoints {
		if endpoint.Type() != URLEndpointType {
			continue
		}

		peer := endpoint.Host
		if endpoint.IsLocal {
			if _, port := mustSplitHostPort(peer); port == globalMinioPort {
				continue
			}
		}

		peerSet.Add(peer)
	}

	return peerSet.ToSlice()
}

func updateDomainIPs(endPoints set.StringSet) {
	ipList := set.NewStringSet()
	for e := range endPoints {
		host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(e)
		if err != nil {
			if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "missing port in address") {
				host = e
				port = globalMinioPort
			} else {
				continue
			}
		}
		IPs, err := getHostIP(host)
		if err != nil {
			continue
		}

		IPsWithPort := IPs.ApplyFunc(func(ip string) string {
			return net.JoinHostPort(ip, port)
		})

		ipList = ipList.Union(IPsWithPort)
	}
	globalDomainIPs = ipList.FuncMatch(func(ip string, matchString string) bool {
		return !(strings.HasPrefix(ip, "127.") || strings.HasPrefix(ip, "::1") || strings.HasPrefix(ip, "[::1]"))
	}, "")
}