minio/cmd/xl-v1-metadata.go

/*
 * MinIO Cloud Storage, (C) 2016-2019 MinIO, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package cmd

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"encoding/hex"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
	"path"
	"sort"
	"time"

	jsoniter "github.com/json-iterator/go"
	xhttp "github.com/minio/minio/cmd/http"
	"github.com/minio/minio/cmd/logger"
	"github.com/minio/minio/pkg/sync/errgroup"
	"github.com/minio/sha256-simd"
)

const erasureAlgorithmKlauspost = "klauspost/reedsolomon/vandermonde"

// ObjectPartInfo Info of each part kept in the multipart metadata
// file after CompleteMultipartUpload() is called.
type ObjectPartInfo struct {
	ETag       string `json:"etag,omitempty"`
	Number     int    `json:"number"`
	Size       int64  `json:"size"`
	ActualSize int64  `json:"actualSize"`
}

// byObjectPartNumber is a collection satisfying sort.Interface.
type byObjectPartNumber []ObjectPartInfo

func (t byObjectPartNumber) Len() int           { return len(t) }
func (t byObjectPartNumber) Swap(i, j int)      { t[i], t[j] = t[j], t[i] }
func (t byObjectPartNumber) Less(i, j int) bool { return t[i].Number < t[j].Number }

// ChecksumInfo - carries checksums of individual scattered parts per disk.
type ChecksumInfo struct {
	PartNumber int
	Algorithm  BitrotAlgorithm
	Hash       []byte
}

type checksumInfoJSON struct {
	Name      string `json:"name"`
	Algorithm string `json:"algorithm"`
	Hash      string `json:"hash,omitempty"`
}

// MarshalJSON marshals the ChecksumInfo struct
func (c ChecksumInfo) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
	info := checksumInfoJSON{
		Name:      fmt.Sprintf("part.%d", c.PartNumber),
		Algorithm: c.Algorithm.String(),
		Hash:      hex.EncodeToString(c.Hash),
	}
	return json.Marshal(info)
}

// UnmarshalJSON - should never be called, instead xlMetaV1UnmarshalJSON() should be used.
func (c *ChecksumInfo) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
	var info checksumInfoJSON
	var json = jsoniter.ConfigCompatibleWithStandardLibrary
	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &info); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	sum, err := hex.DecodeString(info.Hash)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	c.Algorithm = BitrotAlgorithmFromString(info.Algorithm)
	c.Hash = sum
	if _, err = fmt.Sscanf(info.Name, "part.%d", &c.PartNumber); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if !c.Algorithm.Available() {
		logger.LogIf(context.Background(), errBitrotHashAlgoInvalid)
		return errBitrotHashAlgoInvalid
	}
	return nil
}

// ErasureInfo holds erasure coding and bitrot related information.
type ErasureInfo struct {
	// Algorithm is the string representation of erasure-coding-algorithm
	Algorithm string `json:"algorithm"`
	// DataBlocks is the number of data blocks for erasure-coding
	DataBlocks int `json:"data"`
	// ParityBlocks is the number of parity blocks for erasure-coding
	ParityBlocks int `json:"parity"`
	// BlockSize is the size of one erasure-coded block
	BlockSize int64 `json:"blockSize"`
	// Index is the index of the current disk
	Index int `json:"index"`
	// Distribution is the distribution of the data and parity blocks
	Distribution []int `json:"distribution"`
	// Checksums holds all bitrot checksums of all erasure encoded blocks
	Checksums []ChecksumInfo `json:"checksum,omitempty"`
}

// AddChecksumInfo adds a checksum of a part.
func (e *ErasureInfo) AddChecksumInfo(ckSumInfo ChecksumInfo) {
	for i, sum := range e.Checksums {
		if sum.PartNumber == ckSumInfo.PartNumber {
			e.Checksums[i] = ckSumInfo
			return
		}
	}
	e.Checksums = append(e.Checksums, ckSumInfo)
}

// GetChecksumInfo - get checksum of a part.
func (e ErasureInfo) GetChecksumInfo(partNumber int) (ckSum ChecksumInfo) {
	for _, sum := range e.Checksums {
		if sum.PartNumber == partNumber {
			// Return the checksum
			return sum
		}
	}
	return ChecksumInfo{}
}

// statInfo - carries stat information of the object.
type statInfo struct {
	Size    int64     `json:"size"`    // Size of the object `xl.json`.
	ModTime time.Time `json:"modTime"` // ModTime of the object `xl.json`.
}

// A xlMetaV1 represents `xl.json` metadata header.
type xlMetaV1 struct {
	Version string   `json:"version"` // Version of the current `xl.json`.
	Format  string   `json:"format"`  // Format of the current `xl.json`.
	Stat    statInfo `json:"stat"`    // Stat of the current object `xl.json`.
	// Erasure coded info for the current object `xl.json`.
	Erasure ErasureInfo `json:"erasure"`
	// MinIO release tag for current object `xl.json`.
	Minio struct {
		Release string `json:"release"`
	} `json:"minio"`
	// Metadata map for current object `xl.json`.
	Meta map[string]string `json:"meta,omitempty"`
	// Captures all the individual object `xl.json`.
	Parts []ObjectPartInfo `json:"parts,omitempty"`
}

// XL metadata constants.
const (
	// XL meta version.
	xlMetaVersion = "1.0.1"

	// XL meta version.
	xlMetaVersion100 = "1.0.0"

	// XL meta format string.
	xlMetaFormat = "xl"

	// Add new constants here.
)

// newXLMetaV1 - initializes new xlMetaV1, adds version, allocates a fresh erasure info.
func newXLMetaV1(object string, dataBlocks, parityBlocks int) (xlMeta xlMetaV1) {
	xlMeta = xlMetaV1{}
	xlMeta.Version = xlMetaVersion
	xlMeta.Format = xlMetaFormat
	xlMeta.Minio.Release = ReleaseTag
	xlMeta.Erasure = ErasureInfo{
		Algorithm:    erasureAlgorithmKlauspost,
		DataBlocks:   dataBlocks,
		ParityBlocks: parityBlocks,
		BlockSize:    blockSizeV1,
		Distribution: hashOrder(object, dataBlocks+parityBlocks),
	}
	return xlMeta
}

// Return a new xlMetaV1 initialized using the given xlMetaV1. Used in healing to make sure that we do not copy
// over any part's checksum info which will differ for different disks.
func newXLMetaFromXLMeta(meta xlMetaV1) xlMetaV1 {
	xlMeta := meta
	xlMeta.Erasure.Checksums = nil
	xlMeta.Parts = nil
	return xlMeta
}

// IsValid - tells if the format is sane by validating the version
// string, format and erasure info fields.
func (m xlMetaV1) IsValid() bool {
	return isXLMetaFormatValid(m.Version, m.Format) &&
		isXLMetaErasureInfoValid(m.Erasure.DataBlocks, m.Erasure.ParityBlocks)
}

// Verifies if the backend format metadata is sane by validating
// the version string and format style.
func isXLMetaFormatValid(version, format string) bool {
	return ((version == xlMetaVersion || version == xlMetaVersion100) &&
		format == xlMetaFormat)
}

// Verifies if the backend format metadata is sane by validating
// the ErasureInfo, i.e. data and parity blocks.
func isXLMetaErasureInfoValid(data, parity int) bool {
	return ((data >= parity) && (data != 0) && (parity != 0))
}

// Converts metadata to object info.
func (m xlMetaV1) ToObjectInfo(bucket, object string) ObjectInfo {
	objInfo := ObjectInfo{
		IsDir:           false,
		Bucket:          bucket,
		Name:            object,
		Size:            m.Stat.Size,
		ModTime:         m.Stat.ModTime,
		ContentType:     m.Meta["content-type"],
		ContentEncoding: m.Meta["content-encoding"],
	}
	// Update expires
	var (
		t time.Time
		e error
	)
	if exp, ok := m.Meta["expires"]; ok {
		if t, e = time.Parse(http.TimeFormat, exp); e == nil {
			objInfo.Expires = t.UTC()
		}
	}
	objInfo.backendType = BackendErasure

	// Extract etag from metadata.
	objInfo.ETag = extractETag(m.Meta)

	// Add user tags to the object info
	objInfo.UserTags = m.Meta[xhttp.AmzObjectTagging]

	// etag/md5Sum has already been extracted. We need to
	// remove to avoid it from appearing as part of
	// response headers. e.g, X-Minio-* or X-Amz-*.
	// Tags have also been extracted, we remove that as well.
	objInfo.UserDefined = cleanMetadata(m.Meta)

	// All the parts per object.
	objInfo.Parts = m.Parts

	// Update storage class
	if sc, ok := m.Meta[xhttp.AmzStorageClass]; ok {
		objInfo.StorageClass = sc
	} else {
		objInfo.StorageClass = globalMinioDefaultStorageClass
	}

	// Success.
	return objInfo
}

// objectPartIndex - returns the index of matching object part number.
func objectPartIndex(parts []ObjectPartInfo, partNumber int) int {
	for i, part := range parts {
		if partNumber == part.Number {
			return i
		}
	}
	return -1
}

// AddObjectPart - add a new object part in order.
func (m *xlMetaV1) AddObjectPart(partNumber int, partETag string, partSize int64, actualSize int64) {
	partInfo := ObjectPartInfo{
		Number:     partNumber,
		ETag:       partETag,
		Size:       partSize,
		ActualSize: actualSize,
	}

	// Update part info if it already exists.
	for i, part := range m.Parts {
		if partNumber == part.Number {
			m.Parts[i] = partInfo
			return
		}
	}

	// Proceed to include new part info.
	m.Parts = append(m.Parts, partInfo)

	// Parts in xlMeta should be in sorted order by part number.
	sort.Sort(byObjectPartNumber(m.Parts))
}

// ObjectToPartOffset - translate offset of an object to offset of its individual part.
func (m xlMetaV1) ObjectToPartOffset(ctx context.Context, offset int64) (partIndex int, partOffset int64, err error) {
	if offset == 0 {
		// Special case - if offset is 0, then partIndex and partOffset are always 0.
		return 0, 0, nil
	}
	partOffset = offset
	// Seek until object offset maps to a particular part offset.
	for i, part := range m.Parts {
		partIndex = i
		// Offset is smaller than size we have reached the proper part offset.
		if partOffset < part.Size {
			return partIndex, partOffset, nil
		}
		// Continue to towards the next part.
		partOffset -= part.Size
	}
	logger.LogIf(ctx, InvalidRange{})
	// Offset beyond the size of the object return InvalidRange.
	return 0, 0, InvalidRange{}
}

func getXLMetaInQuorum(ctx context.Context, metaArr []xlMetaV1, modTime time.Time, quorum int) (xmv xlMetaV1, e error) {
	metaHashes := make([]string, len(metaArr))
	for i, meta := range metaArr {
		if meta.IsValid() && meta.Stat.ModTime.Equal(modTime) {
			h := sha256.New()
			for _, part := range meta.Parts {
				h.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("part.%d", part.Number)))
			}
			metaHashes[i] = hex.EncodeToString(h.Sum(nil))
		}
	}

	metaHashCountMap := make(map[string]int)
	for _, hash := range metaHashes {
		if hash == "" {
			continue
		}
		metaHashCountMap[hash]++
	}

	maxHash := ""
	maxCount := 0
	for hash, count := range metaHashCountMap {
		if count > maxCount {
			maxCount = count
			maxHash = hash
		}
	}

	if maxCount < quorum {
		return xlMetaV1{}, errXLReadQuorum
	}

	for i, hash := range metaHashes {
		if hash == maxHash {
			return metaArr[i], nil
		}
	}

	return xlMetaV1{}, errXLReadQuorum
}

// pickValidXLMeta - picks one valid xlMeta content and returns from a
// slice of xlmeta content.
func pickValidXLMeta(ctx context.Context, metaArr []xlMetaV1, modTime time.Time, quorum int) (xmv xlMetaV1, e error) {
	return getXLMetaInQuorum(ctx, metaArr, modTime, quorum)
}

// list of all errors that can be ignored in a metadata operation.
var objMetadataOpIgnoredErrs = append(baseIgnoredErrs, errDiskAccessDenied, errVolumeNotFound, errFileNotFound, errFileAccessDenied, errCorruptedFormat)

// readXLMetaParts - returns the XL Metadata Parts from xl.json of one of the disks picked at random.
func (xl xlObjects) readXLMetaParts(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string) (xlMetaParts []ObjectPartInfo, xlMeta map[string]string, err error) {
	var ignoredErrs []error
	for _, disk := range xl.getLoadBalancedDisks() {
		if disk == nil {
			ignoredErrs = append(ignoredErrs, errDiskNotFound)
			continue
		}
		xlMetaParts, xlMeta, err = readXLMetaParts(ctx, disk, bucket, object)
		if err == nil {
			return xlMetaParts, xlMeta, nil
		}
		// For any reason disk or bucket is not available continue
		// and read from other disks.
		if IsErrIgnored(err, objMetadataOpIgnoredErrs...) {
			ignoredErrs = append(ignoredErrs, err)
			continue
		}
		// Error is not ignored, return right here.
		return nil, nil, err
	}
	// If all errors were ignored, reduce to maximal occurrence
	// based on the read quorum.
	readQuorum := len(xl.getDisks()) / 2
	return nil, nil, reduceReadQuorumErrs(ctx, ignoredErrs, nil, readQuorum)
}

// readXLMetaStat - return xlMetaV1.Stat and xlMetaV1.Meta from  one of the disks picked at random.
func (xl xlObjects) readXLMetaStat(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string) (xlStat statInfo, xlMeta map[string]string, err error) {
	var ignoredErrs []error
	for _, disk := range xl.getLoadBalancedDisks() {
		if disk == nil {
			ignoredErrs = append(ignoredErrs, errDiskNotFound)
			continue
		}
		// parses only xlMetaV1.Meta and xlMeta.Stat
		xlStat, xlMeta, err = readXLMetaStat(ctx, disk, bucket, object)
		if err == nil {
			return xlStat, xlMeta, nil
		}
		// For any reason disk or bucket is not available continue
		// and read from other disks.
		if IsErrIgnored(err, objMetadataOpIgnoredErrs...) {
			ignoredErrs = append(ignoredErrs, err)
			continue
		}
		// Error is not ignored, return right here.
		return statInfo{}, nil, err
	}
	// If all errors were ignored, reduce to maximal occurrence
	// based on the read quorum.
	readQuorum := len(xl.getDisks()) / 2
	return statInfo{}, nil, reduceReadQuorumErrs(ctx, ignoredErrs, nil, readQuorum)
}

// writeXLMetadata - writes `xl.json` to a single disk.
func writeXLMetadata(ctx context.Context, disk StorageAPI, bucket, prefix string, xlMeta xlMetaV1) error {
	jsonFile := path.Join(prefix, xlMetaJSONFile)

	// Marshal json.
	metadataBytes, err := json.Marshal(&xlMeta)
	if err != nil {
		logger.LogIf(ctx, err)
		return err
	}

	// Persist marshaled data.
	err = disk.WriteAll(bucket, jsonFile, bytes.NewReader(metadataBytes))
	logger.LogIf(ctx, err)
	return err
}

// Rename `xl.json` content to destination location for each disk in order.
func renameXLMetadata(ctx context.Context, disks []StorageAPI, srcBucket, srcEntry, dstBucket, dstEntry string, quorum int) ([]StorageAPI, error) {
	isDir := false
	srcXLJSON := path.Join(srcEntry, xlMetaJSONFile)
	dstXLJSON := path.Join(dstEntry, xlMetaJSONFile)
	return rename(ctx, disks, srcBucket, srcXLJSON, dstBucket, dstXLJSON, isDir, quorum, []error{errFileNotFound})
}

// writeUniqueXLMetadata - writes unique `xl.json` content for each disk in order.
func writeUniqueXLMetadata(ctx context.Context, disks []StorageAPI, bucket, prefix string, xlMetas []xlMetaV1, quorum int) ([]StorageAPI, error) {
	g := errgroup.WithNErrs(len(disks))

	// Start writing `xl.json` to all disks in parallel.
	for index := range disks {
		index := index
		g.Go(func() error {
			if disks[index] == nil {
				return errDiskNotFound
			}
			// Pick one xlMeta for a disk at index.
			xlMetas[index].Erasure.Index = index + 1
			return writeXLMetadata(ctx, disks[index], bucket, prefix, xlMetas[index])
		}, index)
	}

	// Wait for all the routines.
	mErrs := g.Wait()

	err := reduceWriteQuorumErrs(ctx, mErrs, objectOpIgnoredErrs, quorum)
	return evalDisks(disks, mErrs), err
}

// Returns per object readQuorum and writeQuorum
// readQuorum is the min required disks to read data.
// writeQuorum is the min required disks to write data.
func objectQuorumFromMeta(ctx context.Context, xl xlObjects, partsMetaData []xlMetaV1, errs []error) (objectReadQuorum, objectWriteQuorum int, err error) {
	// get the latest updated Metadata and a count of all the latest updated xlMeta(s)
	latestXLMeta, err := getLatestXLMeta(ctx, partsMetaData, errs)

	if err != nil {
		return 0, 0, err
	}

	// Since all the valid erasure code meta updated at the same time are equivalent, pass dataBlocks
	// from latestXLMeta to get the quorum
	return latestXLMeta.Erasure.DataBlocks, latestXLMeta.Erasure.DataBlocks + 1, nil
}