minio/cmd/prepare-storage.go

/*
 * Minio Cloud Storage, (C) 2016 Minio, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package cmd

import (
	"time"

	"github.com/minio/mc/pkg/console"
	"github.com/minio/minio-go/pkg/set"
)

// Channel where minioctl heal handler would notify if it were successful. This
// would be used by waitForFormattingDisks routine to check if it's worth
// retrying loadAllFormats.
var globalWakeupCh chan struct{}

func init() {
	globalWakeupCh = make(chan struct{}, 1)
}

/*

  Following table lists different possible states the backend could be in.

  * In a single-node, multi-disk setup, "Online" would refer to disks' status.

  * In a multi-node setup, it could refer to disks' or network connectivity
  between the nodes, or both.

  +----------+--------------------------+-----------------------+
  | Online   | Format status  		| Course of action      |
  |          | 		             	|                   	|
  -----------+--------------------------+-----------------------+
  | All      | All Formatted	 	|  			|
  +----------+--------------------------+  initObjectLayer 	|
  | Quorum   | Quorum Formatted    	|                   	|
  +----------+--------------------------+-----------------------+
  | All      | Quorum     		|  Print message saying |
  |	     | Formatted,   		|   "Heal via control"  |
  |	     | some unformatted		|  and initObjectLayer  |
  +----------+--------------------------+-----------------------+
  | All      | None Formatted           |  FormatDisks          |
  |	     |				|  and initObjectLayer  |
  |          | 		             	|                   	|
  +----------+--------------------------+-----------------------+
  | No       |          		|  Wait till enough     |
  | Quorum   |          _  		|  nodes are online and |
  |	     |                          |  one of the above     |
  |          |				|  sections apply       |
  +----------+--------------------------+-----------------------+
  |	     |      			|                       |
  | Quorum   | Quorum UnFormatted   	|        Abort        	|
  +----------+--------------------------+-----------------------+

  A disk can be in one of the following states.
   - Unformatted
   - Formatted
   - Corrupted
   - Offline

*/

// InitActions - a type synonym for enumerating initialization activities.
type InitActions int

const (
	// FormatDisks - see above table for disk states where it is applicable.
	FormatDisks InitActions = iota

	// WaitForHeal - Wait for disks to heal.
	WaitForHeal

	// WaitForQuorum - Wait for quorum number of disks to be online.
	WaitForQuorum

	// WaitForAll - Wait for all disks to be online.
	WaitForAll

	// WaitForFormatting - Wait for formatting to be triggered from the '1st' server in the cluster.
	WaitForFormatting

	// WaitForConfig - Wait for all servers to have the same config including (credentials, version and time).
	WaitForConfig

	// InitObjectLayer - Initialize object layer.
	InitObjectLayer

	// Abort initialization of object layer since there aren't enough good
	// copies of format.json to recover.
	Abort
)

// Quick error to actions converts looking for specific errors which need to
// be returned quickly and server should wait instead.
func quickErrToActions(errMap map[error]int) InitActions {
	var action InitActions
	switch {
	case errMap[errInvalidAccessKeyID] > 0:
		fallthrough
	case errMap[errAuthentication] > 0:
		fallthrough
	case errMap[errServerVersionMismatch] > 0:
		fallthrough
	case errMap[errServerTimeMismatch] > 0:
		action = WaitForConfig
	}
	return action
}

// Preparatory initialization stage for XL validates known errors.
// Converts them into specific actions. These actions have special purpose
// which caller decides on what needs to be done.
func prepForInitXL(firstDisk bool, sErrs []error, diskCount int) InitActions {
	// Count errors by error value.
	errMap := make(map[error]int)
	for _, err := range sErrs {
		errMap[err]++
	}

	// Validates and converts specific config errors into WaitForConfig.
	if quickErrToActions(errMap) == WaitForConfig {
		return WaitForConfig
	}

	quorum := diskCount/2 + 1
	disksOffline := errMap[errDiskNotFound]
	disksFormatted := errMap[nil]
	disksUnformatted := errMap[errUnformattedDisk]
	disksCorrupted := errMap[errCorruptedFormat]

	// No Quorum lots of offline disks, wait for quorum.
	if disksOffline >= quorum {
		return WaitForQuorum
	}

	// There is quorum or more corrupted disks, there is not enough good
	// disks to reconstruct format.json.
	if disksCorrupted >= quorum {
		return Abort
	}

	// All disks are unformatted, proceed to formatting disks.
	if disksUnformatted == diskCount {
		// Only the first server formats an uninitialized setup, others wait for notification.
		if firstDisk { // First node always initializes.
			return FormatDisks
		}
		return WaitForFormatting
	}

	// Total disks unformatted are in quorum verify if we have some offline disks.
	if disksUnformatted >= quorum {
		// Some disks offline and some disks unformatted, wait for all of them to come online.
		if disksUnformatted+disksOffline == diskCount {
			return WaitForAll
		}
		// Some disks possibly corrupted and too many unformatted disks.
		return Abort
	}

	// Already formatted and in quorum, proceed to initialization of object layer.
	if disksFormatted >= quorum {
		if disksFormatted+disksOffline == diskCount {
			return InitObjectLayer
		}
		// Some of the formatted disks are possibly corrupted or unformatted, heal them.
		return WaitForHeal
	} // Exhausted all our checks, un-handled errors perhaps we Abort.
	return WaitForQuorum
}

// Implements a jitter backoff loop for formatting all disks during
// initialization of the server.
func retryFormattingDisks(firstDisk bool, firstEndpoint string, storageDisks []StorageAPI) error {
	if storageDisks == nil {
		return errInvalidArgument
	}

	// Create a done channel to control 'ListObjects' go routine.
	doneCh := make(chan struct{}, 1)

	// Indicate to our routine to exit cleanly upon return.
	defer close(doneCh)

	// Wait on the jitter retry loop.
	for range newRetryTimer(time.Second, time.Second*30, MaxJitter, doneCh) {
		// Attempt to load all `format.json`.
		formatConfigs, sErrs := loadAllFormats(storageDisks)
		// Check if this is a XL or distributed XL, anything > 1 is considered XL backend.
		if len(formatConfigs) > 1 {
			switch prepForInitXL(firstDisk, sErrs, len(storageDisks)) {
			case Abort:
				return errCorruptedFormat
			case FormatDisks:
				console.Eraseline()
				printFormatMsg(storageDisks, printOnceFn())
				return initFormatXL(storageDisks)
			case InitObjectLayer:
				console.Eraseline()
				// Validate formats load before proceeding forward.
				err := genericFormatCheck(formatConfigs, sErrs)
				if err == nil {
					printRegularMsg(storageDisks, printOnceFn())
				}
				return err
			case WaitForHeal:
				// Validate formats load before proceeding forward.
				err := genericFormatCheck(formatConfigs, sErrs)
				if err == nil {
					printHealMsg(firstEndpoint, storageDisks, printOnceFn())
				}
				return err
			case WaitForQuorum:
				console.Printf(
					"Initializing data volume. Waiting for minimum %d servers to come online.\n",
					len(storageDisks)/2+1,
				)
			case WaitForConfig:
				// Print configuration errors.
				printConfigErrMsg(storageDisks, sErrs, printOnceFn())
			case WaitForAll:
				console.Println("Initializing data volume for first time. Waiting for other servers to come online.")
			case WaitForFormatting:
				console.Println("Initializing data volume for first time. Waiting for first server to come online.")
			}
			continue
		} // else We have FS backend now. Check fs format as well now.
		if isFormatFound(formatConfigs) {
			console.Eraseline()
			// Validate formats load before proceeding forward.
			return genericFormatCheck(formatConfigs, sErrs)
		} // else initialize the format for FS.
		return initFormatFS(storageDisks[0])
	} // Return here.
	return nil
}

// Initialize storage disks based on input arguments.
func initStorageDisks(disks, ignoredDisks []string) ([]StorageAPI, error) {
	// Single disk means we will use FS backend.
	if len(disks) == 1 {
		storage, err := newStorageAPI(disks[0])
		if err != nil && err != errDiskNotFound {
			return nil, err
		}
		return []StorageAPI{storage}, nil
	} // Otherwise proceed with XL setup.
	if err := checkSufficientDisks(disks); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	disksSet := set.NewStringSet()
	if len(ignoredDisks) > 0 {
		disksSet = set.CreateStringSet(ignoredDisks...)
	}
	// Bootstrap disks.
	storageDisks := make([]StorageAPI, len(disks))
	for index, disk := range disks {
		// Check if disk is ignored.
		if disksSet.Contains(disk) {
			// Set this situation as disk not found.
			storageDisks[index] = nil
			continue
		}
		// Intentionally ignore disk not found errors. XL is designed
		// to handle these errors internally.
		storage, err := newStorageAPI(disk)
		if err != nil && err != errDiskNotFound {
			return nil, err
		}
		storageDisks[index] = storage
	}
	return storageDisks, nil
}

// Format disks before initialization object layer.
func waitForFormatDisks(firstDisk bool, firstEndpoint string, storageDisks []StorageAPI) (err error) {
	if storageDisks == nil {
		return errInvalidArgument
	}
	// Start retry loop retrying until disks are formatted properly, until we have reached
	// a conditional quorum of formatted disks.
	err = retryFormattingDisks(firstDisk, firstEndpoint, storageDisks)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if firstDisk {
		// Notify every one else that they can try init again.
		for _, storage := range storageDisks {
			switch store := storage.(type) {
			// Wake up remote storage servers to initiate init again.
			case networkStorage:
				var reply GenericReply
				_ = store.rpcClient.Call("Storage.TryInitHandler", &GenericArgs{}, &reply)
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}