minio/docs/bucket/replication

Bucket Replication Guide

Bucket replication is designed to replicate selected objects in a bucket to a destination bucket.

To replicate objects in a bucket to a destination bucket on a target site either in the same cluster or a different cluster, start by enabling versioning for both source and destination buckets. Finally, the target site and the destination bucket need to be configured on the source MinIO server.

Highlights

• Supports source and destination buckets to have the same name unlike AWS S3, addresses variety of usecases such as Splunk, Veeam site to site DR.
• Supports object locking/retention across source and destination buckets natively out of the box, unlike AWS S3.
• Simpler implementation than AWS S3 Bucket Replication Config with requirements such as IAM Role, AccessControlTranslation, Metrics and SourceSelectionCriteria are not needed with MinIO.
• Active-Active replication

How to use?

Ensure that versioning is enabled on the source and target buckets with mc version command. If object locking is required, the buckets should have been created with mc mb --with-lock

Create a replication target on the source cluster as shown below:

mc admin bucket remote add myminio/srcbucket https://accessKey:secretKey@replica-endpoint:9000/destbucket --service replication --region us-east-1
Role ARN = 'arn:minio:replication:us-east-1:c5be6b16-769d-432a-9ef1-4567081f3566:destbucket'

The user running the above command needs s3:GetReplicationConfiguration and s3:GetBucketVersioning permission on the source cluster. We do not recommend running root credentials/super admin with replication, instead create a dedicated user. The access credentials used at the destination requires s3:ReplicateObject permission.

The following minimal permission policy is needed by admin user setting up replication on the source:

{
 "Version": "2012-10-17",
 "Statement": [
  {
    "Action": [
        "admin:SetBucketTarget",
        "admin:GetBucketTarget"
    ],
    "Effect": "Allow",
    "Sid": ""
  },
  {
   "Effect": "Allow",
   "Action": [
    "s3:GetReplicationConfiguration",
    "s3:ListBucket",
    "s3:ListBucketMultipartUploads",
    "s3:GetBucketLocation",
    "s3:GetBucketVersioning"
   ],
   "Resource": [
    "arn:aws:s3:::srcbucket"
   ]
  }
 ]
}

The access key provided for the replication target cluster should have these minimal permissions:

{
 "Version": "2012-10-17",
 "Statement": [
  {
   "Effect": "Allow",
   "Action": [
    "s3:GetReplicationConfiguration",
    "s3:ListBucket",
    "s3:ListBucketMultipartUploads",
    "s3:GetBucketLocation",
    "s3:GetBucketVersioning",
    "s3:GetBucketObjectLockConfiguration"
   ],
   "Resource": [
    "arn:aws:s3:::destbucket"
   ]
  },
  {
   "Effect": "Allow",
   "Action": [
    "s3:GetReplicationConfiguration",
    "s3:ReplicateTags",
    "s3:AbortMultipartUpload",
    "s3:GetObject",
    "s3:GetObjectVersion",
    "s3:GetObjectVersionTagging",
    "s3:PutObject",
    "s3:DeleteObject",
    "s3:ReplicateObject",
    "s3:ReplicateDelete"
   ],
   "Resource": [
    "arn:aws:s3:::destbucket/*"
   ]
  }
 ]
}

Please note that the permissions required by the admin user on the target cluster can be more fine grained to exclude permissions like "s3:ReplicateDelete", "s3:GetBucketObjectLockConfiguration" etc depending on whether delete replication rules are set up or if object locking is disabled on destbucket. The above policies assume that replication of objects, tags and delete marker replication are all enabled on object lock enabled buckets. A sample script to setup replication is provided here

Once successfully created and authorized, the mc admin bucket remote add command generates a replication target ARN. This command lists all the currently authorized replication targets:

mc admin bucket remote ls myminio/srcbucket --service "replication"
Role ARN = 'arn:minio:replication:us-east-1:c5be6b16-769d-432a-9ef1-4567081f3566:destbucket'

The replication configuration can now be added to the source bucket by applying the json file with replication configuration. The Role ARN above is passed in as a json element in the configuration.

{
  "Role" :"arn:minio:replication:us-east-1:c5be6b16-769d-432a-9ef1-4567081f3566:destbucket",
  "Rules": [
    {
      "Status": "Enabled",
      "Priority": 1,
      "DeleteMarkerReplication": { "Status": "Disabled" },
      "DeleteReplication": { "Status": "Disabled" },
      "Filter" : {
        "And": {
            "Prefix": "Tax",
            "Tags": [
                {
                "Key": "Year",
                "Value": "2019"
                },
                {
                "Key": "Company",
                "Value": "AcmeCorp"
                }
            ]
        }
      },
      "Destination": {
        "Bucket": "arn:aws:s3:::destbucket",
        "StorageClass": "STANDARD"
      }
    }
  ]
}

The replication configuration follows AWS S3 Spec. Any objects uploaded to the source bucket that meet replication criteria will now be automatically replicated by the MinIO server to the remote destination bucket. Replication can be disabled at any time by disabling specific rules in the configuration or deleting the replication configuration entirely.

When object locking is used in conjunction with replication, both source and destination buckets needs to have object locking enabled. Similarly objects encrypted on the server side, will be replicated if destination also supports encryption.

Replication status can be seen in the metadata on the source and destination objects. On the source side, the X-Amz-Replication-Status changes from PENDING to COMPLETED or FAILED after replication attempt either succeeded or failed respectively. On the destination side, a X-Amz-Replication-Status status of REPLICA indicates that the object was replicated successfully. Any replication failures are automatically re-attempted during a periodic disk crawl cycle.

To perform bi-directional replication, repeat the above process on the target site - this time setting the source bucket as the replication target. It is recommended that replication be run in a system with atleast two CPU's available to the process, so that replication can run in its own thread.

MinIO Extension

Replicating Deletes

Delete marker replication is allowed in AWS V1 Configuration but not in V2 configuration. The MinIO implementation above is based on V2 configuration, however it has been extended to allow both DeleteMarker replication and replication of versioned deletes with the DeleteMarkerReplication and DeleteReplication fields in the replication configuration above. By default, this is set to Disabled unless the user specifies it while adding a replication rule.

When an object is deleted from the source bucket, the corresponding replica version will be marked deleted if delete marker replication is enabled in the replication configuration. Replication of deletes that specify a version id (a.k.a hard deletes) can be enabled by setting the DeleteReplication status to enabled in the replication configuration. This is a MinIO specific extension that can be enabled using the mc replicate add or mc replicate edit command with the --replicate "delete" flag.

Note that due to this extension behavior, AWS SDK's may not support the extension functionality pertaining to replicating versioned deletes.

To add a replication rule allowing both delete marker replication, versioned delete replication or both specify the --replicate flag with comma separated values as in the example below.

Additional permission of "s3:ReplicateDelete" action would need to be specified on the access key configured for the target cluster if Delete Marker replication or versioned delete replication is enabled.

mc replicate add myminio/srcbucket/Tax --priority 1 --arn "arn:minio:replication:us-east-1:c5be6b16-769d-432a-9ef1-4567081f3566:destbucket" --tags "Year=2019&Company=AcmeCorp" --storage-class "STANDARD" --remote-bucket "destbucket" --replicate "delete,delete-marker"
Replication configuration applied successfully to myminio/srcbucket.

NOTE: Both source and target instance need to be upgraded to latest release to take advantage of Delete marker replication.

Status of delete marker replication can be viewed by doing a GET/HEAD on the object version - it will return a X-Minio-Replication-DeleteMarker-Status header and http response code of 405. In the case of permanent deletes, if the delete replication is pending or failed to propagate to the target cluster, GET/HEAD will return additional X-Minio-Replication-Delete-Status header and a http response code of 405.

The status of replication can be monitored by configuring event notifications on the source and target buckets using mc event add.On the source side, the s3:PutObject, s3:Replication:OperationCompletedReplication and s3:Replication:OperationFailedReplication events show the status of replication in the X-Amz-Replication-Status metadata.

On the target bucket, s3:PutObject event shows X-Amz-Replication-Status status of REPLICA in the metadata. Additional metrics to monitor backlog state for the purpose of bandwidth management and resource allocation are exposed via Prometheus - see https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/metrics/prometheus/list.md for more details.

Sync/Async Replication

By default, replication is completed asynchronously. If synchronous replication is desired, set the --sync flag while adding a remote replication target using the mc admin bucket remote add command

 mc admin bucket remote add myminio/srcbucket https://accessKey:secretKey@replica-endpoint:9000/destbucket --service replication --region us-east-1 --sync --healthcheck-seconds 100

Explore Further

• MinIO Bucket Replication Design
• MinIO Bucket Versioning Implementation
• MinIO Client Quickstart Guide